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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geomorf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геоморфология и палеогеография</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geomorfologiya i Paleogeografiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-1789</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1797</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15356/0435-4281-2017-4-3-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geomorf-1325</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Общетеоретические статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ И  АНТРОПОГЕННЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕННЫЕ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНЫЕ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ РУСЕЛ РЕК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC IRREVERSIBLE VERTICAL RIVERBED DEFORMATIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беркович</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berkovich</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>географический факультет,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berkovitch@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Злотина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zlotina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>географический факультет,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zleonora@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турыкина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turykin</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>географический факультет,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">filigorod@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Геоморфология</issue-title><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беркович К.М., Злотина Л.В., Турыкина Л.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беркович К.М., Злотина Л.В., Турыкина Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berkovich K.M., Zlotina L.V., Turykin L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1325">https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1325</self-uri><abstract><p>Направленные вертикальные деформации — это систематическое врезание или отложение наносов на значительном протяжении реки, в процессе которого происходит повышение или понижение высотного положения продольного профиля реки и изменение его формы.</p><p>Современные деформации происходят во временном интервале, документируемом историческими материалами и непосредственными наблюдениями, который охватывает несколько столетий, развиваются под влиянием человека или имеют чисто антропогенное происхождение, хотя известную роль играют естественные деформации, обусловленные тектоникой и изменениями климата.</p><p>Для анализа динамики процесса вертикальных деформаций русла использованы, кроме литературных источников по ряду рек Мира, материалы исследований участков р. Оби выше и ниже Новосибирского водохранилища, участка нижнего бьефа Воткинского гидроузла на р. Каме, участков рек Томи, Оки, Белой с массовыми русловыми карьерами, на которых авторами выполнялись и выполняются в настоящее время исследования русловых процессов. Постройка плотин и создание водохранилищ, а также добыча строительных материалов из русел рек наиболее заметно способствуют развитию вертикальных деформаций.</p><p>Анализ материалов показал, что как процесс врезания ниже плотин и на участках русловых карьеров, так и процесс регрессивной аккумуляции выше водохранилищ описывается экспоненциальной зависимостью, отражающей асимптотический характер понижения или повышения дна. Коэффициенты зависимости зависят от подвижности русла. В ходе врезания русло реки становится все менее подвижным, и его восстановление может происходить в другой гидрологической и геоморфологической обстановке.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Irreversible vertical deformation implies the systematic incision or sediment deposition within a considerable length of the river, in the course of which rise or lowering of river long profile and change of its general shape occur. Contemporary deformations occur in time intervals documented by historical materials and direct observations, that span several centuries, develop under the human influence or have a purely anthropogenic origin, although natural deformations due to tectonics and climate change play some role as well.</p><p>To analyze the dynamics of the riverbed vertical deformations process, published sources for several rivers over the World were used as well as authors’ own studies in a number of rivers: Ob river upstream and downstream of Novosibirsk reservoir, Kama river downstream of the Votkinsk dam, Selected reaches in rivers Tom’, Oka, Belaya Rivers with a large scale in-stream mines. Dam construction and creation of reservoirs as well as in-stream extraction of building materials most notably contribute to the development of vertical deformations.</p><p>Results show that both the process of incision downstream of dam and in sections with in-stream mines and the process of regressive accumulation upstream of the reservoirs are described by an exponential relationship reflecting the asymptotic nature of the lowering or rise of the riverbed. The relationship coefficients depend on the mobility of the channel. In the course of incision, riverbed becomes less movable, and its recovery may occur in other hydrological and geomorphological setting.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>русловые процессы</kwd><kwd>продольный профиль реки</kwd><kwd>антропогенные нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>channel processes</kwd><kwd>river long profile</kwd><kwd>anthropogenic disturbances</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лохтин В.М. О механизме речного русла. СПб: 1897. 80 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lohtin V.M. O mehanizme rechnogo rusla (On river channel mechanisms). Sankt-Peterburg, 1897. 80 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маккавеев Н.И. Русло реки и эрозия в ее бассейне. 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