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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geomorf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геоморфология и палеогеография</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geomorfologiya i Paleogeografiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-1789</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1797</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0435-4281201913-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geomorf-1396</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные закономерности соотношения русловой и бассейновой составляющих эрозии и стока взвешенных наносов в речных бассейнах США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The main regularities of the ratio between riverbed and basin components of erosion and suspended sediment yield in river basins of the USA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусаров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusarov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avgusarov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максютова</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksyutova</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Геоморфология</issue-title><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гусаров А.В., Максютова Л.Ф., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гусаров А.В., Максютова Л.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gusarov A.V., Maksyutova L.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1396">https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1396</self-uri><abstract><p>Взвешенные наносы водотоков, являющиеся одной из объективных и достаточно точных мер интенсивности эрозии в их бассейнах, в первом приближении можно разделить на русловую (rрус, продукты вертикальных и горизонтальных русловых деформаций) и бассейновую (rбас, продукты почвенной и овражной эрозии) составляющие. В работе предпринята попытка выделения данной структуры эрозии в речных бассейнах США на основе расчленения взвешенных наносов 224 рек (по материалам Геологической службы США о среднемесячных величинах стока воды и взвешенных наносов рек) по предложенному одним из авторов статьи методу, а также оценка ее факторной обусловленности.Для всех проанализированных рек территории США средняя величина rрус составляет 7.9±1.1%: по равнинным рекам – 10.6±1.7%, по низкогорным – 5.7±1.5%, по среднегорным – 4.3±1.5%. На соотношение rрус/rбас в стоке взвешенных наносов большое влияние оказывают, помимо геоморфологического фактора, также ландшафтно-климатические условия речных бассейнов. Так, на равнинах США наибольшая средняя доля rрус отмечается в лесных ландшафтных зонах (тайга, смешанные и широколиственные леса умеренного пояса, субтропический лес) – от 10 до 15%. Напротив, в аридных ландшафтах (полупустыни) эта величина не превышает 1%. Внутри этих общих тенденций наблюдаются достаточно сильные вариации соотношений rрус/rбас в связи с изменениями площадей речных бассейнов, агрикультурной деятельности человека и литологического состава руслоформирующих наносов и пойм. Отмечается обратная гиперболическая зависимость между фактическим стоком взвешенных наносов рек и долей в нем наносов руслового происхождения, которая особенно эффектно проявляется на равнинах и в низкогорьях США. Также показано, что состав горных пород, слагающих поверхность речных бассейнов, не играет принципиально значимой роли в изменчивости соотношения rрус/rбас в данном масштабе исследования. Сопоставление оценок rрус/rбас и их факторной обусловленности по рекам США с реками Северной Евразии позволяет выявить очень хорошую сходимость полученных результатов по двум регионам планеты и предположить универсальный характер установленных закономерностей (суммарно по 684 речным бассейнам) для всего умеренного (частично субтропического и тропического) пояса Северного полушария Земли.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Suspended sediment yield is one of the objective and sufficiently accurate measures of erosion intensity in river basins. In first approximation, it can be divided into the riverbed component –r(rb), the products of vertical and horizontal riverbed deformations), and basin component – r(bas), the products of soil and gully erosion. An attempt was made to distinguish this erosion structure in the USA river basins based on the partition of suspended sediments of 224 rivers (based on the data from the US Geological Service on the average monthly water discharges and suspended sediment yields) according to the method proposed by one of the authors of the paper, as well as an assessment of its factor dependence.The average r(rb) value for the analyzed rivers of the USA is 7.9±1.1%: for lowland rivers – 10.6±1.7%, for low-mountain (including high uplands) rivers – 5.7±1.5%, for mid-mountain rivers – 4.3±1.5%. The geomorphic factor, landscape and climatic conditions within the river basins have a major impact on the suspended sediments flux ratio r(rb)/r(bas). Thus, in the USA plains, the largest average r(rb) portion is in the forest landscapes (taiga, mixed and broadleaf forests of the temperate zone, subtropical forests) – 10–15%. On the contrary, in the arid landscapes (semi-deserts) this value does not exceed 1%. Within these general trends, there are quite strong variations in the r(rb)/r(bas) ratios due to the changes in river basin areas, agricultural activities and lithologic composition of riverbed and floodplain sediments. There is an inverse hyperbolic relationship between the actual suspended sediment yield of the rivers and the riverbed sediment portion (r(rb)), which is most manifested in the plains and low-mountains of the USA. It is also shown that a composition of the river basin parent (surficial) rocks does not play a significant role in the variability of the r(rb)/r(bas) at this scale of the study. A comparison of the r(rb)/r(bas)-estimates and their factor dependence on the US rivers with the rivers of Northern Eurasia (the territory of the former Soviet Union) makes it possible to reveal good convergence of the results obtained in these parts of the Earth, and to suggest the universal nature of the revealed regularities (in total for 684 river basins) for the whole temperate (partly for subtropical and tropical) zone of the Northern hemisphere of our planet.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>река</kwd><kwd>русло</kwd><kwd>речной бассейн</kwd><kwd>структура эрозии</kwd><kwd>сток взвешенных наносов</kwd><kwd>ландшафтная зональность</kwd><kwd>США</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>river</kwd><kwd>riverbed</kwd><kwd>river basin</kwd><kwd>erosion structure</kwd><kwd>suspended sediment yield</kwd><kwd>landscape zonality</kwd><kwd>United States of America (USA)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Копалиани З.Д. 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