<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geomorf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геоморфология и палеогеография</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geomorfologiya i Paleogeografiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-1789</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1797</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0435-42812019218-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geomorf-1414</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инверсия эволюционного развития кальдерного комплекса и плейстоценовое оледенение “отменили” ожидаемое суперизвержение супервулкана Йеллоустон (США)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The expected future super-eruption of the Yellowstone supervolcano (USA) is “cancelled” by the pleistocene glaciation and by the inversion of Caldera Complex development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелекесцев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melekestsev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">dirksen@kscnet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт вулканологии и сейсмологии ДВО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Геоморфология</issue-title><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мелекесцев И.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мелекесцев И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melekestsev I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1414">https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1414</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведенный автором критический анализ существующих реконструкций истории эруптивной активности Йеллоустонского кальдерного комплекса (ЙКК) в США показал, что будущего “суперизвержения супервулкана Йеллоустон” в ближайшие сотни — тысячи лет там не случится. Во-первых, из-за ослабления в течение 2 млн. лет активной жизни ЙКК вулканического потенциала источника его магматического питания, который по своим характеристикам является фронтальной лопастью магматического суперпотока, а не мантийным плюмом. Во-вторых, из-за неоднократного оледенения территории в последние 640 тыс. лет. И, наконец, в связи с тем, что энергетический и весовой эквивалент суперизвержения уже случился, закончившись около 70 тыс. л. н., а ЙКК перешел после него из вулканической стадии развития в гидротермальную.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review of the reconstructions of the eruptive activity of the Yellowstone Caldera Complex (YCC) in the USA allows to suggests three groups of arguments supporting that the “volcanic super-eruption of Yellowstone” is not likely to occur in the coming hundreds or thousands of years. First is the gradual weakening of the volcanic potential of the magmatic source (which is the frontal lobe of the magmatic super-flow, and not the mantle plume) during the last 2 million yeats. Second is the impact of the repeated occurrence of ice sheets in the YCC area during the past 640 thousand years. Finally, the equivalent supereruption, in terms of energy released and the mass of exploded material, had already occurred at about 70 thousand years ago, and since that time, the YCC has passed from the volcanic to the hydrothermal evolutionary stage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>супервулкан Йеллоустон</kwd><kwd>суперизвержение</kwd><kwd>кальдера</kwd><kwd>гидротермальная система</kwd><kwd>плейстоценовое оледенение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>super volcano Yellowstone</kwd><kwd>supervolcanic eruption</kwd><kwd>caldera</kwd><kwd>hydrothermal structure</kwd><kwd>ice sheet</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор благодарен своим коллегам Л. И. Базановой, И. Ф. Делеменю, Т. П. Кирсановой — за обсуждение представлений и выводов этой публикации, Д. В. Мельникову — за помощь в подборе материалов к ней, Р. Р. Курмашовой — за ее оформление.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author is grateful to his colleagues L. I. Bazanova, I. F. Delemen, T. P. Kirsanova — for the discussion of this publication; to D. V. Melnikov — for his help in the selection of materials, to R. R. Kurmashova — for the assistance in preparing the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шебалин П. Н. Пепел Йеллоустона // Вокруг света. 2015. № 5. С. 98—102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shebalin P. N. Ash of the Yellowstone. Vokrugsveta. 2015. No. 5. P. 98-102. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тиллинг Р. И., Байлей Р. А. Программа изучения вулканической опасности в США // 27-й междунар. геол. конгресс. Землетрясения и предупреждение стихийных бедствий. Коллоквиум 06. Доклады. М.: Наука, 1984. Т. 6. С. 82—9l.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tilling R. I. and Bailey R. I. The program studies of volcano hazards in USA, in Zemletryaseniya i preduprezhdenie stihiynykh bedstviy (The earthquakes and mitigation of cataclysms. XXVII International Geological Congress. Colloquium 06. Reports). Vol. 6. Moscow, 4-14 August 1984. P. 82-91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christiansen R. L. The Quaternary and Pliocene Yellowstone Platean Volcanic field of Wyoming, Idaho and Montana. U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2001. P. 61-145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christiansen R. L. The Quaternary and Pliocene Yellowstone Platean Volcanic field of Wyoming, Idaho and Montana. U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2001. P. 61-145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzurisin D. and Yamashita K. M. Vertical surface displacements at Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming, 1976-1986 // J. Geophys. Res. 1987. Vol. 92. P. 13753-13766.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzurisin D. and Yamashita K. M. Vertical Surface displacements at Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming, 1976-1986. J. Geophys. Res. 1987. Vol. 92. P. 13753-13766.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith R. B. and Braile L. W. Topographic signature, space-time evolution, and physical properties of the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain volcanic system: the Yellowstone hotspot // Geology of Wyoming: Geological Survey of Wyoming Memoir. 1993. No. 5. P. 694-754.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith R. B. and Braile L. W. Topographic signature, space-time evolution, and physical properties of the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain Volcanic system: the Yellowstone hotspot. Geology of Wyoming: Geological Survey of Wyoming Memoir. 1993. No. 5. P. 694-754.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Базанова Л. И., Брайцева О. А., Мелекесцев И. В., Пузанков М. Ю. Потенциальная опасность от извержений Авачинского вулкана // Геодинамика и вулканизм Курило-Камчатской островодужной системы. Петропавловск-Камчатский: Изд-во ИВГиГ ДВО РАН, 2001. С. 390-407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazanova L. I., Braitseva O. A., Melekestsev I. V., and Puzankov M.Yu. The potential hazard at eruptiones Avachinsky volcano, in Geodinamika i vulkanizm Kurilo-Kamchatskoy ostrovoduzhnoy sistemy (Geodynamics and volcanism of Kurile-Kamchatka Island Arc system). Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 2001. P. 390-407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брайцева О. А., Мелекесцев И. В. Вулкан Карымский: история формирования, динамика активности, долгосрочный прогноз // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1989. № 2. С. 14-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braitseva O. A. and Melekestsev I. V. Karymsky volcano: Origin, Eruptive History and long-range. Vulkan. Seismol. 1989. No. 2. P. 14-31. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелекесцев И. В. Особенности оледенения вулканических районов // Камчатка, Курильские и Командорские острова // Под ред. Лучицкого И. В. М.: Наука, 1974. С. 418-421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melekestsev I. V. The specifices of glaciation of volcanic regions, in Kamchatka, Kurily i Komandorskie ostrova (Kamchatka, Kurile and Komandorsky Islands). I. V. Luchitsky. Ed. Moscow: Nauka (Publ.), 1974. P. 418-421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелекесцев И. В., Пономарева В. В. Новейший (N22-Q4) вулканизм Камчатки // Новейший и современный вулканизм на территории России // Под ред. Лаверова Н. П. М.: Наука, 2005. С. 107-232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melekestsev I. V. and Ponomareva V. V. Modern (N22-Q4) volcanism in Russia, in Noveyshiy i sovremenniy vulkanizm na territorii Rossii (Newest and modern volcanism within the territory of Russia). N. P. Laverov. Ed. Moscow: Nauka (Publ.), 2005. P. 107-232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayden F. V. Preliminary reports of the United States Geological Survey of Montana and portions of adjacent territories // U. S. Geological and Geographical of the Territories Fifth Annual Report (for 1871). 1872. P. 13-165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayden F. V. Preliminary reports of the United States Geological Survey of Montana and Portions of Adjacent Territories. U. S. Geological and Geographical of the Territories. Fifth Annual Report (for 1871). 1872. P. 13-165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hague A. Geological history of Yellowstone National Park // American Institute of Mining Engineers Transactions. 1888. Vol. 16. P. 783-803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hague A. Geological history of Yellowstone National Park. American Institute of Mining Engineers Transactions. 1888. Vol. 16. P. 783-803.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hague A. Age of the igneous rocks of the Yellowstone Park // American J. of Science. 1896. Vol. 151. P. 445-457.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hague A. Age of the igneous rocks of the Yellowstone Park. American Journal of Science. 1896. Vol. 151. P. 445-457.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hague A., Iddings J. P., Weed W. H., Wallcot C. D., Girty G.H., Stanton T. W., and Knowlton F. H. Descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology. Pt. 2 of Geological Survey Monograph. 1899. Vol. 32. 893 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hague A., Iddings J. P., Weed W. H., Wallcot C. D., Girty G. H., Stanton T. W., and Knowlton F. H. Descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology. Pt. 2 of Geological Survey Monograph. 1899. Vol. 32. 893 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howard A. D. Hydrothermal phenomena of the Yellowstone National Park // Catalogue of the active volcanoes of the World. 1960. Part IX. P. 61-68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howard A. D. Hydrothermal Phenomena of the Yellowstone National Park. Catalogue of the active volcanoes of the World. Part IX. 1960. P. 61-68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">LeemanW. P., Oldow J. S., and HartW. K.Lithosphere-scale thrusting in the Western U. S. Cordillera as constrained by Sr and Nd isotope transitions in Neogene volcanic rocks // Geology. 1992. Vol. 20. P. 63-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leeman W. P., Oldow J. S., and Hart W. K. Lithosphere-scale thrusting in the Western U. S. Cordillera as constrained by Sr and Nd isotope transitions in Neogene volcanic rocks. Geology. 1992. Vol. 20. P. 63-66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCurry M., Hayden K. P., Morse L. H., and Mertzman S. Genesis of post-hotspot, A-type rhyolite of the Eastern Snake River Plain volcanic field by extreme fractional crystallization of olivine tholeiite // Bull. Volcanol. 2008. Vol. 70. No. 3. P. 361-384.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCurry M., Hayden K. P., Morse L. H., and Mertzman S. Genesis of post-hotspot, A-type rhyolite of the Eastern Snake River Plain volcanic field by extreme fractional crystallization of olivine tholeiite. Bull. Volcanol. 2008. Vol. 70. No. 3. P. 361-384.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meertens C. M., Smith R. B., and Vasco D. M. Crustal deformation of the Yellowstone caldera from first GPS measurements: 1987-1989 // Geophys. Res. Lett. 1992. Vol. 18. P. 1763-1766.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meertens C. M., Smith R. B., and Vasco D. M. Crustal deformation of the Yellowstone caldera from first GPS measurements: 1987—1989. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1992. Vol. 18. P. 1763—1766.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эрлих Э. Н. Проблема кальдер на Международном симпозиуме “Корни вулканов” (Оксфорд, 7-13 ноября 1969 г.) // Бюл. вулканол. станций. 1971. № 47. С. 83-87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erlich E. N. The problem of calderas on Internatiol symposium “The roots of volcanoes” (Oxford, 7—13 November 1969). Bull. Volkan. Stan. 1971. No. I47. P. 83—87. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lehman J.A., Smith R.B., SchillM.M., and BraileL. W. Upper crustal structure of the Yellowstone caldera from delay time analyses and gravity correlations // J. of Geophys. Res. 1982. Vol. 87. P. 2713-2730.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lehman J. A., Smith R. B., Schill M. M., and Braile L. W. Upper crustal structure of the Yellowstone caldera from delay time analyses and gravity correlations. J. of Geophys. Res. 1982. Vol. 87. P. 2713-2730.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Branney M. J., Bonnichsen B., Andrews G. D. M., Ellis B., Barry T. L., and McCurry M. Snake River (SR) — type volcanism at the Yellowstone hotspot track: distinctive products from unusual, high-temperature silic super-eruptions // Bull. Volcanol. 2008. Vol. 70. No. 3. P. 293-314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Branney M. J., Bonnichsen B., Andrews G. D. M., Ellis B., Barry T. L., and McCurry M. Snake River (SR) — type volcanism at the Yellowstone hotspot track: distinctive products from unusual, high-temperature silic super-eruptions. Bull. Volcanol. 2008. Vol. 70. No. 3. P. 293-314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christiansen R. L., Foulger G. E., and Evans J. R. Upper-mantle origin of the Yellowstone Hotspot // Geol. Amer. Bull. 2002. Vol. 114. P. 1245-1256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christiansen R. L., Foulger G. E., and Evans J. R. Upper-mantle origin of the Yellowstone Hotspot. Geol. Amer. Bull. 2002. Vol. 114. P. 1245-1256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eaton G. P., Christiansen R. L., Iyer H. M., Pitt A. M., Mabey D. R., Blank H. R., and Gettangs M. E. Magma beneath Yellowstone National Park // Science. 1975. Vol. 188. P. 787-796.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eaton G. P., Christiansen R. L., Iyer H. M., Pitt A. M., Mabey D. R., Blank H. R., and Gettangs M. E. Magma beneath Yellowstone National Park. Science. 1975. Vol. 188. P. 787-796.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christiansen R. L. and McCurry M. Contrasting origins of Cenozoic silicis volcanic rocks from the western Cordillera of the United States // Bull. Volcanol. 2008. Vol. 70. No. 3. P. 251-268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christiansen R. L. and McCurry M. Contrasting origins of Cenozoic silicis volcanic rocks from the western Cordillera of the United States. Bull. Volcanol. 2008. Vol. 70. No. 3. P. 251-268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелекесцев И. В., Слезин Ю. Б. Магматические суперпотоки. Часть I А. Беринговоморские магматические суперпотоки: природная модель, геолого-геоморфологические признаки // Вулканология и сейсмология. 2017. № 1. С. 3-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melekestsev I. V. and Slezin Yu. B. Magma superflows in the Bering Sea. Partla. The model and the Geological and Geomorphologic features. Volcanol. Seismol. 2017. No. 1. P. 3-16. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watkins N. D. and Gunn B. M. Major and trace element variation in seventy successive Miocene lavas from southeastern Oregon, U. S.A. // Intern. Assn. Volcanology and Chem. Earth’s Interior, Symposium on Volcanoes and Their Roots, Oxford Univ. Abstracts vol. 1969. P. 276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watkins N. D. and Gunn B. M. Major and trace element variation in seventy successive Miocene lavas from southeastern Oregon, U. S.A. Intern. Assn. Volcanology and Chem. Earth’s Interior, Symposium on Volcanoes and Their Roots, Oxford Univ. Abstracts vol. 1969. 276 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brueseke M. E., HartW. K., and HeizlerM. T. Diverse mid-Miocene silicicy Volcanism associated with the Yellowstone-Newberry thermal anomaly // Bull. Volcanol. 2008. Vol. 70. No. 3. P. 343-360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brueseke M. E., Hart W. K., and Heizler M. T. Diverse mid-Miocene silicicy volcanism associated with the Yellowstone-Newberry thermal anomaly. Bull. Volcanol. 2008. Vol. 70. No. 3. P. 343-360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magill J. and Cox A. Post-Oligocene tectonic rotation of the Oregon western Cascade Range and the Klamath Mountains // Geology. 1981. Vol. 9. P. 27-131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magill J. and Cox A. Post-Oligocene tectonic rotation of the Oregon western Cascade Range and the Klamath Mountains. Geology. 1981. Vol. 9. P. 27-131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng X. and Humphreys E. D. Crustal velocity structure across the eastern Snake River Plain and the Yellowstone Swell // J. Geophys. Res. 1998. Vol. 103. P. 7171-7186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng X. and Humphreys E. D. Crustal velocity structure across the eastern Snake River Plain and the Yellowstone Swell. J. Geophys. Res. 1998. Vol. 103. P. 7171-7186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sparlin M. A., Braile L. W., and Smith R. B. Crustal structure of the eastern Snake River Plain determined from ray-trace modeling of seismic refraction data // J. Geophys. Res. 1982. Vol. 87. P. 2619-2633.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sparlin M. A., Braile L. W., and Smith R. B. Crustal structure of the eastern Snake River Plain determined from ray-trace modeling of seismic refraction data. J. Geophys. Res. 1982. Vol. 87. P. 2619-2633.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith R. B. and Bruhn R. L. Intra plate extensional tectonics of the western U. S. Cordillera: inferences on structural style from seismic reflection data, regional tectonics and thermal-mechanical models ofbrittle-ductile deformation // J. Geophys. Res. 1984. Vol. 89. P. 5733-5762.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith R. B. and Bruhn R. L. Intra plate extensional tectonics of the western U. S. Cordillera: inferences on structural style from seismic reflection data, regional tectonics and thermal-mechanical models of brittle-ductile deformation. J. Geophys. Res. 1984. Vol. 89. P. 5733-5762.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелекесцев И. В. Вулканизм и рельефообразование. М.: Наука, 1980. 212 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melekestsev I. V. Vulkanizm i rel’efoobrazovanie (Volcanism and relief-formation). Moscow: Nauka (Publ.), 1980. 212 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поляк Б. Г., Мелекесцев И. В. Продуктивность вулканов // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1990. № 5. С. 22-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyak B. G. and Melekestsev I. V. Productivity of volcanic apparatures. Volcanol. Seismol. 1981. No. 5. P. 22-37. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volcanoes of the World. 3rd / Eds. Siebert L., Simkin T., Kimberly P. Smithsonian Institution. University of California Press. 2010. 551 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volcanoes of the World. Siebert L., Simkin T., Kimberly P. Eds. Smithsonian Institution. University of California Press. 2010. 551 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christiansen R. L. Yellowstone Plateau // Volcanoes of North America. United States and Canada / Eds. Wood Ch. A., Kienle J. Cambrige University Press. 1991. P. 263-266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christiansen R. L. Yellowstone Plateau. Volcanoes of North America. United States and Canada. Wood Ch. A., Kienle J. Eds. Cambridge University Press. 1991. P. 263-266.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпов Г. А., Фазлуллин С. М., Надежная Т. Б. Расплав самородной серы на дне термального озера в кальдере Узон (Камчатка) // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1996. № 2. С. 34-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpov G. A., Fazlullin S. M., and Nadeznaya T. B. Liquid sulfur at the bottom of a thermal lake in the Uzon, caldera, Kamchatka. Volconol. Seismol. 1996. No. 2. P. 34-47. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White D. E. Thermal waters of volcanic origin // Geol. Soc. of America Bull. 1957. Vol. 68. P. 1637-1658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White D. E. Thermal waters of volcanic origin. Geol. Soc. of America Bull. 1957. Vol. 68. P. 1637-1658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White D. E. Hydrology, activity, and heat flow of the Steamboat Springs thermal system, Washoe County, Nevada // U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 458-V. 1968. 109 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White D. E. Hydrology, activity, and heat flow of the Steamboat Springs thermal system, Washoe County, Nevada. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 458-V. 1968. 109 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fournier R. O. and Pitt A. M. The Yellowstone magmatic — hydrothermal system, U.S.A. // Geothermal Resources Council Intern/Symp. on Geothermal Energy, Intern. Vol. 1985. P. 319-327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fournier R. O. and Pitt A. M. The Yellowstone magmatic — hydrothermal system, U. S. A. Geothermal Resources Council International Symposium on Geothermal Energy, International Volume. 1985. P. 319-327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FournierR. O., White D. E., and TruesdellA. H. Convective heat flow in Yellowstone National Park // 2-nd United Nations Symp. on Development and Use of Geothermal Resources Proceedings. 1976. P. 731-739.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fournier R. O., White D. E., and Truesdell A. H. Convective heat flow in Yellowstone National Park. Second United Nations Symposium on Development and Use of Geothermal Resources Proceedings. 1976. P. 731-739.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sibson R. H. Fault zone models, heat flow, and the depth distribution of earthquakes in the continental crust of United States // Bull. Seism. Soc. of America. 1982. Vol. 72. P. 151-164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibson R. H. Fault zone models, heat flow, and the depth distribution of earthquakes in the continental crust of United States. Bull. Seism. Soc. of America. 1982. Vol. 72. P. 151-164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелекесцев И. В. Типы и возрасты действующих вулканов Камчатки // Бюл. вулканол. станций. 1973. № 49. С. 10-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melekestsev I. V. The types and ages actives volcanoes in Kamchatka. Bull. Volcanol. Stan. 1973. No. 49. P. 10-17. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
