geomorfГеоморфология и палеогеографияGeomorfologiya i Paleogeografiya2949-17892949-179710.31857/S0435428121030093geomorf-1556Research ArticleСтатьиArticleДинамика ландшафтов и климата в Центральной и Восточной Европе в голоцене – прогнозные оценки изменения природной средыLandscape and climate dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe during the Holocene – assessment of future environmental changesНовенкоЕ. Ю.NovenkoE. Yu.

географический факультет

Москва

Faculty of Geography

Moscow

lenanov@mail.ruМосковский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова; Институт географии РАНРоссияLomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Geography RASRussian Federation202112102021523Геоморфология2447Copyright © Новенко Е.Ю., 20212021Новенко Е.Ю.Novenko E.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1556

В статье представлен обзор ландшафтно-климатических реконструкций для лесной зоны Центральной и Восточной Европы, выполненных различными методами, в сопоставлении с основными этапами развития рельефа и осадконакопления в голоцене. Рассмотрены ожидаемые климатические изменения согласно сценариям репрезентативных траекторий концентраций парниковых газов, разработанных Межправительственной группой экспертов по изменению климата (МГЭИК). Анализ данных показал, что в раннем голоцене (11.7–8.2 тыс. кал. л. н.) в условиях быстрого потепления климата происходила трансформация всех ландшафтных компонентов, значительные изменения претерпели рельефообразующие процессы. В этот период происходила деградация многолетней мерзлоты, сформировалась реликтовая криогенная морфоскульптура, кардинальные изменения претерпели гидрологический режим рек и флювиальное рельефообразование, имело место постепенное ослабление эоловых процессов. В среднем голоцене для временного интервала 8.2–5.7 тыс. кал. л. н. были характерны максимальная теплообеспеченность по сравнению с остальными периодами голоцена и ослабление градиента температур в направлении с запада на восток. В это время в среднеширотной области Европы существовала единая зона широколиственных лесов. Начиная с 5.7 тыс. кал. л. н., похолодание климата привело к усилению секторной дифференциации растительного покрова. В западных районах начинается экспансия бука и граба, на востоке увеличивается роль ели в лесных сообществах. Климатические реконструкции для позднего голоцена (4.2 тыс. кал. л. н. – настоящее время) показали, что на фоне общего тренда к снижению теплообеспеченности выделяются периоды потеплений и похолоданий. Сформировался современный ландшафтный покров, усилилось влияние антропогенного фактора. Согласно данным палеоботанических, изотопно-геохимических и палеогидрологических исследований в различных регионах Центральной и Восточной Европы в периоды потеплений климат был более сухой, чем в настоящее время, преимущественно за счет изменения баланса осадки/испарение, а похолодания сопровождались ростом увлажнения, увеличением частоты и высоты весенних половодий с соответствующим усилением осадконакопления на поймах рек, формированием вторичных врезов в оврагах и балках. Считая климатические реконструкции для голоцена изучаемой территории сценариями возможных изменений климата в текущем столетии, можно ожидать, что рост температур, особенно в летний период, будет причиной возрастания частоты засух и опасных геоморфологических процессов, связанных с неравномерностью выпадения осадков.

The paper presents a review of the Holocene landscape and climate reconstructions for the forest zone of Central and Eastern Europe revealed from various proxies and comparison of the data obtained with the main stages of relief development and sedimentation during the Holocene. Projections of expected climate change are discussed according to IPCC scenarios (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5; Representative Concentration Pathways for possible range of radiative forcing). Analysis of the data showed that in the Early Holocene (11.7–8.2 ka BP), a rapid climate warming led to crucial transformation when all of landscape components were transformed, and relief-forming processes underwent significant changes. In the Middle Holocene, the time interval of 8.2–5.7 ka BP was characterized by the maximum heat supply in comparison with the whole Holocene and the weakening of the temperature gradient in the direction from west to east. At this time, a continuous zone of broad-leaved forests occupied the mid-latitude regions of Europe. Starting from 5.7 ka BP, the climatic cooling led to the sectoral differentiation of vegetation cover. In the western regions, the expansion of beech and hornbeam began, in the east, and the role of spruce in forest communities increased. Climate reconstructions for the Late Holocene (4.2 ka BP – present) have shown that against the background of the general climate trend towards a decrease in heat supply, periods of warming and cooling are distinguished. During the late Holocene the modern landscape cover was formed, the influence of the anthropogenic factor increased. According to paleobotanical, isotope-geochemical and paleohydrological studies in various regions of Central and Eastern Europe, the climate was drier than at present during periods of warming, mainly due to changes in the precipitation/evaporation balance, and climate cooling was accompanied by an increase in moisture. Bearing in mind the Holocene climate reconstructions as a possible scenario of climate changes during the current century, one can expect that an increase in temperatures, especially in the summer period, will cause the increase in the frequency of droughts and natural disasters, associated with irregular rainfall.

палеоклиматические реконструкциипалеогеоморфологияпалеогеографияЕвропейская территория Россиилесная зонаpaleoclimatic reconstructionspaleogeomorphologypaleogeographyEuropean part of Russiaforest zoneИсследование выполнено при поддержке проекта РФФИ 19-15-50126.The study was funded by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, № 19-15-50126.ReferencesДинамика ландшафтных компонентов и внутренних морских бассейнов Северной Евразии за последние 130000 лет (общая палеогеография). Атлас-монография. М.: ГЕОС, 2002. 232 с.Dinamika landshaftnykh komponentov i vnutrennikh morskikh basseinov Severnoi Evrazii za poslednie 130000 let (obshchaya paleogeografiya). Atlas-monografiya (Dynamics of landscape components and internal sea basins of Northern Eurasia over the last 130,000 years (General paleogeography)). M.: GEOS (Publ.), 2002. 232 p. (in Russ.)Палеоклиматы и палеоландшафты внетропического пространства Северной Евразии. Поздний плейстоцен-голоцен. Атлас-монография. М.: ГЕОС, 2009. 120 с.Paleoklimaty i paleolandshafty vnetropicheskogo prostranstva Severnoi Evrazii. Pozdnii pleistotsen-golotsen. Atlas-monografiya (Paleoclimates and paleolandscapes of the extratropical space of Northern Eurasia. Late Pleistocene-Holocene). M.: GEOS (Publ.), 2009. 120 p. (in Russ.)Климаты и ландшафты Северной Евразии в условиях глобального потепления. Ретроспективный анализ и сценарии. Атлас-монография. М.: ГЕОС, 2010. 220 с.Klimaty i landshafty Severnoi Evrazii v usloviyakh global’nogo potepleniya. Retrospektivnyi analiz i stsenarii. Atlas-monografiya (Climates and landscapes of Northern Eurasia in the context of global warming. Retrospective analysis and scenarios). М.: GEOS (Publ.), 2010. 220 p. (in Russ.)Solomina O., Haeberli W., Kull C., and Wiles G. Historical and Holocene glacier–climate variations: General concepts and overview // Global and Planetary Change. 2008. No. 60. P. 1–9.Solomina O., Haeberli W., Kull C., and Wiles G. Historical and Holocene glacier–climate variations: General concepts and overview // Global and Planetary Change. 2008. No. 60. P. 1–9.Соломина О.Н. Климатические причины колебаний горных ледников в голоцене // Лед и снег. 2010. № 1. С. 103–110.Solomina O.N. Klimaticheskie prichiny kolebanii gornykh lednikov v golotsene (Climatic reasons for fluctuations of mountain glaciers in the Holocene). Led i Sneg. 2010. No. 1. P. 103–110. (in Russ.)Борисова О.К. Ландшафтно-климатические изменения в голоцене // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 2014. № 2. С. 5–20.Borisova O.K. Landshaftno-klimaticheskie izmeneniya v golotsene (Landscape and climate changes in the Holocene). Izvestiya RAN. Seriya geograficheskaya. 2014. No. 2. P. 5–20. (in Russ.)Davis B.A.S., Brewer S., Stevenson A.C., and Guiot J. The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2003. No. 22. P. 1701–1716.Davis B.A.S., Brewer S., Stevenson A.C., and Guiot J. The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2003. No. 22. P. 1701–1716.Mayewski P.A., Rohling E.E., Stager J.C., Karlén W., Maasch K., Meeker L.D., Meyerson E.A., Gasse F., van Kreveld S., Holmgren K., Lee-Thorp J., Rosqvist G., Rack R., Staubwasser M., Schneider R.R., and Steig E.J. Holocene climate variability // Quaternary Research. 2004. No. 62. P. 243–255.Mayewski P.A., Rohling E.E., Stager J.C., Karlén W., Maasch K., Meeker L.D., Meyerson E.A., Gasse F., van Kreveld S., Holmgren K., Lee-Thorp J., Rosqvist G., Rack R., Staubwasser M., Schneider R.R., and Steig E.J. Holocene climate variability // Quaternary Research. 2004. No. 62. P. 243–255.Wanner H., Beer J., Butikofer J., Crowley T.J., Cubasch U., Flückiger J., Goosse H., Grosjean M., Joos F., Kaplan J.O., Küttel M., Müller S.A., Prentice I.C., Solomina O., Stocker T.F., Tarasov P., Wagner M., and Widmann M. Mid- to Late Holocene climate change: an overview // Quaternary Science Reviews. Vol. 27. P. 1791–1828.Wanner H., Beer J., Butikofer J., Crowley T.J., Cubasch U., Flückiger J., Goosse H., Grosjean M., Joos F., Kaplan J.O., Küttel M., Müller S.A., Prentice I.C., Solomina O., Stocker T.F., Tarasov P., Wagner M., and Widmann M. Mid- to Late Holocene climate change: an overview // Quaternary Science Reviews. Vol. 27. P. 1791–1828.Mann M.E., Zhang Z., Rutherford S., Bradley R.S., Hughes M.K., Shindell D., Ammann C., Faluvegi G., and Ni.F. Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly // Science. 2009. No. 326. P. 1256–1260.Mann M.E., Zhang Z., Rutherford S., Bradley R.S., Hughes M.K., Shindell D., Ammann C., Faluvegi G., and Ni.F. Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly // Science. 2009. No. 326. P. 1256–1260.Mauri A., Davis B.A.S., Collins P.M., and Kaplan J.O. The climate of Europe during the Holocene: a gridded pollen-based reconstruction and its multi-proxy evaluation // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2015. No. 112. P. 109–127.Mauri A., Davis B.A.S., Collins P.M., and Kaplan J.O. The climate of Europe during the Holocene: a gridded pollen-based reconstruction and its multi-proxy evaluation // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2015. No. 112. P. 109–127.Christiansen B. and Ljungqvist F.C. Challenges and perspectives for large-scale temperature reconstructions of the past two millennia // Reviews of Geophysics. 2017. No. 55 (1). P. 40–96.Christiansen B. and Ljungqvist F.C. Challenges and perspectives for large-scale temperature reconstructions of the past two millennia // Reviews of Geophysics. 2017. No. 55 (1). P. 40–96.PAGES 2k Consortium. Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia // Nature Geoscience. 2013. No. 6. P. 339–346.PAGES 2k Consortium. Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia // Nature Geoscience. 2013. No. 6. P. 339–346.PAGES 2k Consortium. A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era // Scientific Data. 2017. No. 4 (170088). P. 1–33.PAGES 2k Consortium. A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era // Scientific Data. 2017. No. 4 (170088). P. 1–33.Kaufman D., McKay N., Routson C., and data Contributors. A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records // Scientific data. 2020. No. 7 (1). P. 1–34.Kaufman D., McKay N., Routson C., and data Contributors. A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records // Scientific data. 2020. No. 7 (1). P. 1–34.Величко А.А. Эволюционная география: проблемы и решения. М.: ГЕОС, 2012. 563 с.Velichko A.A. Evolyutsionnaya geografiya: problemy i resheniya (Evolutionary geography: problems and solutions). М.: GEOS (Publ.), 2012. 563 p. (in Russ.)Bradley R.S. Holocene perspectives on future climate change // Natural climate variability and global warming: A Holocene perspective / R.W. Battarbee and H.A. Binney (Eds.). Chichester: J. Wiley & Sons, 2008. P. 254–268.Bradley R.S. Holocene perspectives on future climate change // Natural climate variability and global warming: A Holocene perspective / R.W. Battarbee and H.A. Binney (Eds.). Chichester: J. Wiley & Sons, 2008. P. 254–268.IPCC. 2013. Climate change 2013. The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1535 p.IPCC. 2013. Climate change 2013. The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1535 p.Head M.J. Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions // Quaternary International. 2019. No. 500. P. 32–51.Head M.J. Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions // Quaternary International. 2019. No. 500. P. 32–51.Walker M., Head M.J., Berkelhammer M., Bjorck S., Cheng H., Cwynar L.C., Fisher D., Gkinis V., Long A., Newnham R., Rasmussen S.O., and Weiss H. Subdividing the Holocene Series / Epoch: formalisation of stages/ages and subseries/subepochs, and designation of GSSPs and auxiliary stratotypes // Journal of Quaternary Science. 2019. No. 34. P. 173–186.Walker M., Head M.J., Berkelhammer M., Bjorck S., Cheng H., Cwynar L.C., Fisher D., Gkinis V., Long A., Newnham R., Rasmussen S.O., and Weiss H. Subdividing the Holocene Series / Epoch: formalisation of stages/ages and subseries/subepochs, and designation of GSSPs and auxiliary stratotypes // Journal of Quaternary Science. 2019. No. 34. P. 173–186.Хотинский Н.А. Голоцен Северной Евразии. М.: Наука, 1977. 200 с.Khotinskii N.A. Golotsen Severnoi Evrazii (Holocene of Northern Eurasia). Moscow: Nauka (Publ.), 1977. 200 p. (in Russ.)Новенко Е.Ю. Изменения растительности и климата Центральной и Восточной Европы в позднем плейстоцене и голоцене в межледниковые и переходные этапы климатических макроциклов. М.: ГЕОС, 2016. 228 с.Novenko E.Yu. Izmeneniya rastitel’nosti i klimata Tsentral’noi i Vostochnoi Evropy v pozdnem pleistotsene i golotsene v mezhlednikovye i perekhodnye etapy klimaticheskikh makrotsiklov (Vegetation and climate changes of Central and Eastern Europe in the late Pleistocene and Holocene at the interglacial and transitional stages of climate macrocycles). M.: GEOS (Publ.), 2016. 228 p. (in Russ.)Сидорчук А.Ю., Панин А.В., Борисова О.К. Климатически обусловленные изменения речного стока на равнинах Северной Евразии в позднеледниковье и голоцене // Водные ресурсы. 2008. Т. 35. № 4. С. 406–416.Sidorchuk A.Yu., Panin A.V., and Borisova O.K. Klimaticheski obuslovlennye izmeneniya rechnogo stoka na ravninakh Severnoi Evrazii v pozdnelednikov’e i golotsene (Climatically determined changes in river flow on the plains of Northern Eurasia in the Late Glacial and Holocene). Vodnye resursy. 2008. No. 35(4). P. 406–416. (in Russ.)Сидорчук А.Ю., Панин А.В., Борисова О.К. Речной сток на Восточно-Европейской равнине за последние 20 тысяч лет и проблема изменения уровней южных морей // Вопросы географии. 2018. № 145. С. 144–168.Sidorchuk A.Yu., Panin A.V., and Borisova O.K. Rechnoi stok na Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravnine za poslednie 20 tysyach let i problema izmeneniya urovnei yuzhnykh morei (River flow in the Eastern European plain over the last 20 thousand years and the problem of changing the levels of the southern seas). Voprosy geografii. 2018. No 145. P. 144–168. (in Russ.)Брылев В.А., Мозжерин В.В., Панин А.В., Сидорчук А.Ю. Палеопотамология речной системы Волги // Эрозионные и русловые процессы / Ред. Р.С. Чалов. М.: Макс-пресс, 2010. С. 116–147.Brylev V.A., Mozzherin V.V., Panin A.V., and Sidorchuk A.Yu. Paleopotamologiya rechnoi sistemy Volgi (Paleopotamology of the Volga river system). Erosion and riverbed processes. R.S. Chalov (Ed.). Moscow: Maks-press (Publ.), 2010. P. 116–147. (in Russ.)Панин А.В., Сидорчук А.Ю., Чернов А.В. Основные этапы формирования пойм равнинных рек Северной Евразии // Геоморфология. 2011. № 3. С. 20–31.Panin A.V., Sidorchuk A.Yu., and Chernov A.V. Osnovnye etapy formirovaniya poim ravninnykh rek Severnoi Evrazii (The main stages of formation of floodplains of lowland rivers of Northern Eurasia). Geomorfologiya (Geomorphology RAS). 2011. No. 3. P. 20–31. (in Russ.)Величко А.А., Морозова Т.Д., Нечаев В.П., Порожнякова О.М. Палеокриогенез, почвенный покров и земледелие. М.: Наука, 1996. 150 с.Velichko A.A., Morozova T.D., and Nechaev V.P., Porozhnyakova O.M. Paleokriogenez, pochvennyi pokrov i zemledelie (Paleocryogenesis, soil cover and agriculture). М.: Nauka (Publ.), 1996. 150 p. (in Russ.)MacDonald G.M., Beilman D.W., Kremenetski K.V., Sheng Y., Smith L.C., and Velichko A.A. Rapid early development of circumarctic peatlands and atmospheric CH 4 and CO 2 variations // Science. 2006. No. 314. P. 285–288.MacDonald G.M., Beilman D.W., Kremenetski K.V., Sheng Y., Smith L.C., and Velichko A.A. Rapid early development of circumarctic peatlands and atmospheric CH 4 and CO 2 variations // Science. 2006. No. 314. P. 285–288.Korhola A., Ruppel M., Seppä H., Väliranta M., Virtanen N., and Weckstrom J. The importance of northern peatland expansion to the late-Holocene rise of atmospheric methane // Quaternary Science Reviews.2010. No. 29. P. 611–617.Korhola A., Ruppel M., Seppä H., Väliranta M., Virtanen N., and Weckstrom J. The importance of northern peatland expansion to the late-Holocene rise of atmospheric methane // Quaternary Science Reviews.2010. No. 29. P. 611–617.Howard A.J., Macklin M.G., Bailey D.W, Mills S., and Andreescu R. Late-glacial and Holocene river development in the Teleorman Valley on the southern Romanian Plain // Journal of Quaternary Science. 2004. Vol. 19. P. 271–280.Howard A.J., Macklin M.G., Bailey D.W, Mills S., and Andreescu R. Late-glacial and Holocene river development in the Teleorman Valley on the southern Romanian Plain // Journal of Quaternary Science. 2004. Vol. 19. P. 271–280.Kasse C., Bohncke S.J.P., Vandenberghe J., and Gábris G. Fluvial style changes during the last glacialinterglacial transition in the middle Tisza valley (Hungary) // Proceedings of Geology Association. 2010. No. 121. P. 80–194.Kasse C., Bohncke S.J.P., Vandenberghe J., and Gábris G. Fluvial style changes during the last glacialinterglacial transition in the middle Tisza valley (Hungary) // Proceedings of Geology Association. 2010. No. 121. P. 80–194.Perşoiu I., Radoane M., and Urdea P. River behavior during Pleniglacial–Late Glacial // Landform Dynamics and Evolution in Romania / M. Radoane, A. Vespremeanu-Stroe (Eds.). Springer Geography. 2017. P. 443–468.Perşoiu I., Radoane M., and Urdea P. River behavior during Pleniglacial–Late Glacial // Landform Dynamics and Evolution in Romania / M. Radoane, A. Vespremeanu-Stroe (Eds.). Springer Geography. 2017. P. 443–468.Starkel L. Evolution of the Carpathian valleys and the Forecarpathian basins in the Vistulian and Holocene // Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica. 1995. No. 29. P. 5–40.Starkel L. Evolution of the Carpathian valleys and the Forecarpathian basins in the Vistulian and Holocene // Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica. 1995. No. 29. P. 5–40.Starkel L., Michczyńska D.J., Gębica P., Kiss T., Panin A., and Perşoiu I. Climatic fluctuations reflected in the evolution of fluvial systems of Central-Eastern Europe (60–8 ka cal BP) // Quaternary International. 2015. No. 388. P. 97–118.Starkel L., Michczyńska D.J., Gębica P., Kiss T., Panin A., and Perşoiu I. Climatic fluctuations reflected in the evolution of fluvial systems of Central-Eastern Europe (60–8 ka cal BP) // Quaternary International. 2015. No. 388. P. 97–118.Панин А.В., Сидорчук А.Ю., Чернов А.В. Макроизлучины рек ЕТС и проблемы палеогидрологических реконструкций // Водные ресурсы. 1992. Т. 19. № 4. С. 93–96.Panin A.V., Sidorchuk A.Yu., and Chernov A.V. Makroizluchiny rek ETS i problemy paleogidrologicheskikh rekonstruktsii (Macromeanders of river channels in the European part of Russia and problems of paleohydrological reconstructions). Vodnye resursy. 1992. No. 19 (4). P. 93–96. (in Russ.)Vandenberghe D.A.G., Derese C., Kasse C., and Van den Haute P. Late Weichselian (fluvio-aeolian sediments and Holocene drift-sands of the classic type locality in Twente (E Netherlands): a high-resolution dating study using optically stimulated luminescence // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2013. No. 68. P. 96–113.Vandenberghe D.A.G., Derese C., Kasse C., and Van den Haute P. Late Weichselian (fluvio-aeolian sediments and Holocene drift-sands of the classic type locality in Twente (E Netherlands): a high-resolution dating study using optically stimulated luminescence // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2013. No. 68. P. 96–113.Kalinska E. and Nartiss M. Pleistocene and Holocene Aeolian sediments of different location and geological history: A new insight from rounding and frosting of quartz grains. // Quaternary International. 2014. No. 328–329. P. 311–322.Kalinska E. and Nartiss M. Pleistocene and Holocene Aeolian sediments of different location and geological history: A new insight from rounding and frosting of quartz grains. // Quaternary International. 2014. No. 328–329. P. 311–322.Kalińska-Nartiša E., Thiel C., Nartišs M., Buylaert J.-P., and Murray A.S. The north-eastern aeolian ‘European Sand Belt’ as potential record of environmental changes: A case study from Eastern Latvia and Southern Estonia // Aeolian Research. 2016. No. 22. P. 59–72.Kalińska-Nartiša E., Thiel C., Nartišs M., Buylaert J.-P., and Murray A.S. The north-eastern aeolian ‘European Sand Belt’ as potential record of environmental changes: A case study from Eastern Latvia and Southern Estonia // Aeolian Research. 2016. No. 22. P. 59–72.Stancikaite M., Baltrunas V., Karmaza B., Karmazienė D., Molodkov A., Obukhowsky V.S., Sidorowich W.M., and Motuzko A.N. The Late Glacial history of Gornitsa foreland and Kovaltsy Palaeolithic site, W Belarus // Baltica. 2011. No. 24 (1). P. 25–36.Stancikaite M., Baltrunas V., Karmaza B., Karmazienė D., Molodkov A., Obukhowsky V.S., Sidorowich W.M., and Motuzko A.N. The Late Glacial history of Gornitsa foreland and Kovaltsy Palaeolithic site, W Belarus // Baltica. 2011. No. 24 (1). P. 25–36.Drenova A.N., Timireva S.N., and Chikolini N.I. Late Glacial dune-building in the Russian Plain // Quaternary International. 1997. No. 41 (42). P. 59–66.Drenova A.N., Timireva S.N., and Chikolini N.I. Late Glacial dune-building in the Russian Plain // Quaternary International. 1997. No. 41 (42). P. 59–66.Velichko A.A., Catto N., Drenova A.N., Klimanov V.A., Kremenetski K.V., and Nechaev V.P. Climate changes in East Europe and Siberia at the Late glacial–Holocene transition // Quaternary International. 2002. No. 91. P. 75–99.Velichko A.A., Catto N., Drenova A.N., Klimanov V.A., Kremenetski K.V., and Nechaev V.P. Climate changes in East Europe and Siberia at the Late glacial–Holocene transition // Quaternary International. 2002. No. 91. P. 75–99.Гричук В.П. История флоры и растительности Русской равнины в плейстоцене. М.: Наука, 1989. 183 с.Grichuk V.P. Istoriya flory i rastitel’nosti Russkoi ravniny v pleistotsene (History of flora and vegetation of the Russian plain in the Pleistocene). Moscow: Nauka (Publ.), 1989. 183 p. (in Russ.)Jahns S. Late-glacial and Holocene woodland dynamics and land-use history of the Lower Oder valley, north-eastern Germany, based on two, AMS 14 C-dated, pollen profiles // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2000. No. 9. P. 111–123.Jahns S. Late-glacial and Holocene woodland dynamics and land-use history of the Lower Oder valley, north-eastern Germany, based on two, AMS 14 C-dated, pollen profiles // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2000. No. 9. P. 111–123.Jahns S. Palynological investigations into the Late Pleistocene and Holocene history of vegetation and settlement at the Löddigsee, Mecklenburg, Germany // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2007. No. 16. P. 157–169.Jahns S. Palynological investigations into the Late Pleistocene and Holocene history of vegetation and settlement at the Löddigsee, Mecklenburg, Germany // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2007. No. 16. P. 157–169.Bos J.A.A. and Urz R. Late Glacial and early Holocene environment in the middle Lahn river valley (Hessen, central-west Germany) and the local impact of early Mesolithic people − pollen and macrofossil evidence // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2003. No. 12. P. 19–36.Bos J.A.A. and Urz R. Late Glacial and early Holocene environment in the middle Lahn river valley (Hessen, central-west Germany) and the local impact of early Mesolithic people − pollen and macrofossil evidence // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2003. No. 12. P. 19–36.Gałka M., Miotk-Szpiganowicz G., Goslar T., Jęśko M., van der Knaap W.O., and Lamentowicz M. Palaeohydrology, fires and vegetation succession in the southern Baltic during the last 7500 years reconstructed from a raised bog based on multi-proxy data // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2013. No. 370. P. 209–221.Gałka M., Miotk-Szpiganowicz G., Goslar T., Jęśko M., van der Knaap W.O., and Lamentowicz M. Palaeohydrology, fires and vegetation succession in the southern Baltic during the last 7500 years reconstructed from a raised bog based on multi-proxy data // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2013. No. 370. P. 209–221.Lamentowicz M., Obremska M., and Mitchell E.A.D. Autogenic succession, land-use change, and climatic influences on the Holocene development of a kettle-hole mire in Northern Poland // Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 2008. No. 151. P. 21–40.Lamentowicz M., Obremska M., and Mitchell E.A.D. Autogenic succession, land-use change, and climatic influences on the Holocene development of a kettle-hole mire in Northern Poland // Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 2008. No. 151. P. 21–40.Heikkilä M. and Seppä H. A 11,000 yr palaeotemperature reconstruction from southern boreal zone in Finland // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2003. No. 22. P. 541–554.Heikkilä M. and Seppä H. A 11,000 yr palaeotemperature reconstruction from southern boreal zone in Finland // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2003. No. 22. P. 541–554.Seppä H. and Poska A. Holocene annual mean temperature changes in Estonia and their relationship to solar insolation and atmospheric circulation patterns // Quaternary Research. 2004. No. 61. P. 22–31.Seppä H. and Poska A. Holocene annual mean temperature changes in Estonia and their relationship to solar insolation and atmospheric circulation patterns // Quaternary Research. 2004. No. 61. P. 22–31.Leroy S.A.G., Zolitschka B., Negendank J.F.W., and Seret G. Palynological analyses in the laminated sediment of Lake Holzmaar (Eifel, Germany): duration of Late-glacial and Preboreal biozone // Boreas. 2000. No. 29 (1). P. 52–71.Leroy S.A.G., Zolitschka B., Negendank J.F.W., and Seret G. Palynological analyses in the laminated sediment of Lake Holzmaar (Eifel, Germany): duration of Late-glacial and Preboreal biozone // Boreas. 2000. No. 29 (1). P. 52–71.Goslar T., Kuc T., Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M., Rózánski K., Arnold M., Bard E., van Geel B., Pazdur M., Szeroczyńska K., Wicik B., WiQckowski K., and Walanus A. High-resolution lacustrine record of the Late Glacial/Holocene transition in central Europe // Quaternary Science Reviews. 1993. No. 12. P. 287–294.Goslar T., Kuc T., Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M., Rózánski K., Arnold M., Bard E., van Geel B., Pazdur M., Szeroczyńska K., Wicik B., WiQckowski K., and Walanus A. High-resolution lacustrine record of the Late Glacial/Holocene transition in central Europe // Quaternary Science Reviews. 1993. No. 12. P. 287–294.Зерницкая В.П., Новенко Е.Ю. Реконструкция климата Беларуси в позднеледниковье и голоцене // Инженерный журнал: наука и инновации. 2016. Т. 9. № 163. С. 21–24.Zernitskaya V.P. and Novenko E.Yu. Rekonstruktsiya klimata Belarusi v pozdnelednikov’e i golotsene (Reconstruction of the climate of Belarus in the Late Glacial and Holocene). Engineering Journal: Science and Innovation. 2016. No. 9. No. 163. P. 21–24. (in Russ.)Зерницкая В.П., Новенко Е.Ю., Станчикайте М., Власов Б.П. Изменения окружающей среды в позднеледниковье и голоцене на юго-востоке Беларуси // Доклады НАН Беларуси. 2019. Т. 63. № 5. С. 584–596.Zernitskaya V.P., Novenko E.Yu., Stanchikaite M., and Vlasov B.P. Izmeneniya okruzhayushchei sredy v pozdnelednikov’e i golotsene na yugo-vostoke Belarusi (Environmental Changes in the Late Glacial and Holocene in the South-East of Belarus). Reports of the national Academy of Sciences of Belarus. 2019. Vol. 63. No. 5. P. 584–596. (in Russ.)Низовцев В.А., Новенко Е.Ю., Эрман Н.М., Мазей Н.Г., Матасов В.М., Лаврова Н.Б., Филимонова Л.В. Эволюция ландшафтов бассейна Средней Протвы в голоцене // Вестник Моск. ун-та. Сер. 5. География. 2020. № 1. С. 73–86.Nizovtsev V.A., Novenko E.Yu., Erman N.M., Mazei N.G., Matasov V.M., Lavrova N.B., and Filimonova L.V. Evolyutsiya landshaftov basseina Srednei Protvy v golotsene (Landscape evolution in the Middle Protva River basin during the Holocene). Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5. Geografiya. 2020. No. 1. P. 73–86. (in Russ.)Novenko E.Yu., Tsyganov A.N., Volkova E.M., Babeshko K.V., Lavrentiev N.V., Payne R.J., and Mazei Y.A. The Holocene palaeoenvironmental history of Central European Russia reconstructed from pollen, plant macrofossil and testate amoeba analyses of the Klukva peatland, Tula region // Quaternary Research. 2015. No. 83. P. 459–468.Novenko E.Yu., Tsyganov A.N., Volkova E.M., Babeshko K.V., Lavrentiev N.V., Payne R.J., and Mazei Y.A. The Holocene palaeoenvironmental history of Central European Russia reconstructed from pollen, plant macrofossil and testate amoeba analyses of the Klukva peatland, Tula region // Quaternary Research. 2015. No. 83. P. 459–468.Novenko E.Yu., Volkova E.M., Nosova M.B., and Zuganova I.S. Late Glacial and Holocene landscape dynamics in the southern taiga zone of East European Plain according to pollen and macrofossil records from the Central Forest State Reserve (Valdai Hills, Russia) // Quaternary International. 2009. No. 207. P. 93–103.Novenko E.Yu., Volkova E.M., Nosova M.B., and Zuganova I.S. Late Glacial and Holocene landscape dynamics in the southern taiga zone of East European Plain according to pollen and macrofossil records from the Central Forest State Reserve (Valdai Hills, Russia) // Quaternary International. 2009. No. 207. P. 93–103.Tarasov P.E., Savelieva L.A., Long T., and Leipe C. Postglacial vegetation and climate history and traces of early human impact and agriculture in the present-day cool mixed forest zone of European Russia // Quaternary International. 2019. No. 516. P. 21–41.Tarasov P.E., Savelieva L.A., Long T., and Leipe C. Postglacial vegetation and climate history and traces of early human impact and agriculture in the present-day cool mixed forest zone of European Russia // Quaternary International. 2019. No. 516. P. 21–41.Zagwijn W.H. Reconstruction of climate change during the Holocene in western and central Europe based on pollen records of indicator species // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 1994. No. 3. P. 65–88.Zagwijn W.H. Reconstruction of climate change during the Holocene in western and central Europe based on pollen records of indicator species // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 1994. No. 3. P. 65–88.Coope G.R., Lemdahl G., Lowe J.J., and Walkling A. Temperature gradients in northern Europe during the last glacial-Holocene transition (14–9 14 C kyr BP) interpreted from coleopteran assemblages // Journal of Quaternary Science. 1998. No. 5. P. 419–433.Coope G.R., Lemdahl G., Lowe J.J., and Walkling A. Temperature gradients in northern Europe during the last glacial-Holocene transition (14–9 14 C kyr BP) interpreted from coleopteran assemblages // Journal of Quaternary Science. 1998. No. 5. P. 419–433.Heikkilä M. and Seppä H. Holocene climate dynamics in Latvia, eastern Baltic region: a pollen-based summer temperature reconstruction and regional comparison // Boreas. 2010. No. 39. P. 705–719.Heikkilä M. and Seppä H. Holocene climate dynamics in Latvia, eastern Baltic region: a pollen-based summer temperature reconstruction and regional comparison // Boreas. 2010. No. 39. P. 705–719.Khotinski N.A. and Klimanov V.A. Allerod, Younger Dryas and Early Holocene palaeo-environmental stratigraphy // Quaternary International. 1997. No. 41/42. P. 67–70.Khotinski N.A. and Klimanov V.A. Allerod, Younger Dryas and Early Holocene palaeo-environmental stratigraphy // Quaternary International. 1997. No. 41/42. P. 67–70.Novenko E.Yu. and Olchev A.V. Early Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics in the central part of the East European Plain (Russia) // Quaternary International. 2015. No. 388. P. 12–22.Novenko E.Yu. and Olchev A.V. Early Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics in the central part of the East European Plain (Russia) // Quaternary International. 2015. No. 388. P. 12–22.Björck S., Kromer B., Johnsen S., Bennike O., Hammarlund D., Lemdahl G., Possnert G., Rasmussen T.L., Wohlfarth B., Hammer C.U., and Spurk M. Synchronised terrestrial-atmospheric deglacial records around the North Atlantic // Science. 1996. No. 274. P. 1155–1160.Björck S., Kromer B., Johnsen S., Bennike O., Hammarlund D., Lemdahl G., Possnert G., Rasmussen T.L., Wohlfarth B., Hammer C.U., and Spurk M. Synchronised terrestrial-atmospheric deglacial records around the North Atlantic // Science. 1996. No. 274. P. 1155–1160.Thomas E.R., Wolff E.W., Mulvaney R., Steffensen J.P., Johnsen S.J., Arrowsmith C., White J.W.C., Vaughn B., and Popp T. The 8.2 ka event from Greenland ice cores // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2007. No. 26. P. 70–81.Thomas E.R., Wolff E.W., Mulvaney R., Steffensen J.P., Johnsen S.J., Arrowsmith C., White J.W.C., Vaughn B., and Popp T. The 8.2 ka event from Greenland ice cores // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2007. No. 26. P. 70–81.Bos J.A.A., van Geel B., van der Plicht J., and Bohncke S.J.P. Preboreal climate oscillations in Europe: Wiggle-match dating and synthesis of Dutch high-resolution multi-proxy records // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2007. No. 26. P. 1927–1950.Bos J.A.A., van Geel B., van der Plicht J., and Bohncke S.J.P. Preboreal climate oscillations in Europe: Wiggle-match dating and synthesis of Dutch high-resolution multi-proxy records // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2007. No. 26. P. 1927–1950.Lotter A.F., Eicher U., Birks H.J.B., and Siegenthaler U. Late Glacial climatic oscillations as recorded in Swiss lake sediments // Journal of Quaternary Science. 1992. No. 7. P. 187–204.Lotter A.F., Eicher U., Birks H.J.B., and Siegenthaler U. Late Glacial climatic oscillations as recorded in Swiss lake sediments // Journal of Quaternary Science. 1992. No. 7. P. 187–204.Субетто Д.А., Давыдова Н.Н., Сапелко Т.В., Вольфарт Б., Вастегорд С., Кузнецов Д.Д. Климат северо-запада России на рубеже плейстоцена и голоцена // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 2003. № 5. С. 80–91.Subetto D.A., Davydova N.N., Sapelko T.V., Vol’fart B., Vastegord S., and Kuznetsov D.D. Klimat severo-zapada Rossii na rubezhe pleistotsena i golotsena (Climate of the North-West of Russia at the boundary of the Pleistocene and Holocene). Izvestiya RAN. Seriya geograficheskaya. 2003. No. 5. P. 80–91. (in Russ.)Борзенкова И.И., Борисова О.К., Жильцова Е.Л., Сапелко Т.В. Холодный эпизод около 8200 лет назад в Северной Европе: анализ эмпирических данных и возможных причин // Лед и снег. 2017. Т. 57. № 1. С. 117–132.Borzenkova I.I., Borisova O.K., Zhil’tsova E.L., and Sapelko T.V. Kholodnyi epizod okolo 8200 let nazad v Severnoi Evrope: analiz empiricheskikh dannykh i vozmozhnykh prichin (Cold episode approximately 8200 years ago in Northern Europe: an analysis of empirical evidence and possible causes). Led i Sneg. 2017. No. 57. No. 1. P. 117–132. (in Russ.)Alley R.B., Mayewski P.A., Sowers T., Stuiver M., Taylor K.C., and Clark P.U. Holocene climatic instability: a prominent, widespread event 8200 yr ago // Geology. 1997. No. 25. P. 483–486.Alley R.B., Mayewski P.A., Sowers T., Stuiver M., Taylor K.C., and Clark P.U. Holocene climatic instability: a prominent, widespread event 8200 yr ago // Geology. 1997. No. 25. P. 483–486.Daley T.J., Thomas E.R., Holmes K., Street-Perrott F.A., Chapman M.R., Tindall J.C., Valdes P.J., Loader N.J., Marshall J.D., Wolff E.W., Hopley P.J., Atkinson T., Barber K. E., Fisher E. H., Robertson I., Hughes P.D.M., and Roberts C.N. The 8200 yr BP cold event in stable isotope records from the North Atlantic region // Global and Planetary Change. 2011. No. 79. P. 288–302.Daley T.J., Thomas E.R., Holmes K., Street-Perrott F.A., Chapman M.R., Tindall J.C., Valdes P.J., Loader N.J., Marshall J.D., Wolff E.W., Hopley P.J., Atkinson T., Barber K. E., Fisher E. H., Robertson I., Hughes P.D.M., and Roberts C.N. The 8200 yr BP cold event in stable isotope records from the North Atlantic region // Global and Planetary Change. 2011. No. 79. P. 288–302.Veski S., Seppä H., Stancikaite M., Zernitskaya V., Reitalu T., Gryguc G., Heinsalu A., Stivrins N., Amon L., Vassiljev J., and Heir O. Quantitative summer and winter temperature reconstructions from pollen and chironomid data between 15 and 8 ka BP in the Baltic-Belarus area // Quaternary International. 2015. No. 388. P. 4–11.Veski S., Seppä H., Stancikaite M., Zernitskaya V., Reitalu T., Gryguc G., Heinsalu A., Stivrins N., Amon L., Vassiljev J., and Heir O. Quantitative summer and winter temperature reconstructions from pollen and chironomid data between 15 and 8 ka BP in the Baltic-Belarus area // Quaternary International. 2015. No. 388. P. 4–11.Seppä H. and Birks H.J.B. Holocene climate reconstructions from the Fennoscandian tree-line area based on pollen data from Toskaljavri // Quaternary Research. 2001. No. 57 (2). P. 191–199.Seppä H. and Birks H.J.B. Holocene climate reconstructions from the Fennoscandian tree-line area based on pollen data from Toskaljavri // Quaternary Research. 2001. No. 57 (2). P. 191–199.Antonsson K. and Seppä H. Holocene temperatures in Bohuslän, southwest Sweden: a quantitative reconstruction from fossil pollen Data // Boreas. 2007. No. 36. P. 400–410.Antonsson K. and Seppä H. Holocene temperatures in Bohuslän, southwest Sweden: a quantitative reconstruction from fossil pollen Data // Boreas. 2007. No. 36. P. 400–410.Korhola A., Weckström J., Holmström L., and Erästö P. A quantitative Holocene climatic record from diatoms in northern Fennoscandia // Quaternary Research. 2000. No. 54. P. 284–294.Korhola A., Weckström J., Holmström L., and Erästö P. A quantitative Holocene climatic record from diatoms in northern Fennoscandia // Quaternary Research. 2000. No. 54. P. 284–294.Teller J.T., Leverington D.W., and Mann J.D. Freshwater outbursts to the oceans from glacial Lake Agassiz and their role in climate change during the last deglaciation // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2002. No. 21. P. 879–887.Teller J.T., Leverington D.W., and Mann J.D. Freshwater outbursts to the oceans from glacial Lake Agassiz and their role in climate change during the last deglaciation // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2002. No. 21. P. 879–887.Keigwin L.D. and Boyle E.A. Detecting Holocene changes in thermohaline circulation // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2000. No. 4. P. 1343–1346.Keigwin L.D. and Boyle E.A. Detecting Holocene changes in thermohaline circulation // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2000. No. 4. P. 1343–1346.Barber K., Zolitschka B., Tarasov P., and Lotter A.F. Atlantic to Urals − the Holocene climatic record of midlatitude Europe // Past Climate Variability through Europe and Africa / R.W. Battarbee, F. Gasse, C.E. Stickley (Eds.). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. P. 417–442.Barber K., Zolitschka B., Tarasov P., and Lotter A.F. Atlantic to Urals − the Holocene climatic record of midlatitude Europe // Past Climate Variability through Europe and Africa / R.W. Battarbee, F. Gasse, C.E. Stickley (Eds.). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. P. 417–442.Harrison S.P. and Digerfeld G. European lakes as palaeoclimatic indicators // Quaternary Science Reviews. 1993. No. 12. P. 233–248.Harrison S.P. and Digerfeld G. European lakes as palaeoclimatic indicators // Quaternary Science Reviews. 1993. No. 12. P. 233–248.Allen J.R.M., Long A.J., Chris J., Pearson D.G., and Huntley B. Holocene climate variability in northernmost Europe // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2007. No. 26. P. 1432–1453.Allen J.R.M., Long A.J., Chris J., Pearson D.G., and Huntley B. Holocene climate variability in northernmost Europe // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2007. No. 26. P. 1432–1453.Magny M. Holocene climate variability as reflected by mid-European lake-level fluctuations and its probable impact on prehistoric human settlements // Quaternary International. 2004. No. 113. P. 65–79.Magny M. Holocene climate variability as reflected by mid-European lake-level fluctuations and its probable impact on prehistoric human settlements // Quaternary International. 2004. No. 113. P. 65–79.Величко А.А., Кременецкий К.В., Негенданк Й., Минграм Й., Борисова О.К., Зеликсон Э.М., Новенко Е.Ю., Писарева В.В. Позднечетвертичная палеогеография северо-востока Европы (по данным комплексного изучения осадков Галичского озера) // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 2001. № 3. С. 42–54.Velichko A.A., Kremenetskii K.V., Negendank I., Mingram I., Borisova O.K., Zelikson E.M., Novenko E.Yu., and Pisareva V.V. Pozdnechetvertichnaya paleogeografiya severo-vostoka Evropy (po dannym kompleksnogo izucheniya osadkov Galichskogo ozera) (Late Quaternary paleogeography of North-Eastern Europe (according to the multi-proxy study of lake Galich sediments)). Izvestiya RAN. Seriya geograficheskaya. 2001. No. 3. P. 42–54. (in Russ.)Сидорчук А.Ю., Панин А.В., Борисова О.К. Снижение стока рек равнин Северной Евразии в оптимум голоцена // Водные ресурсы. 2012. Т. 39. № 1. С. 40–53.Sidorchuk A.Yu., Panin A.V., and Borisova O.K. Snizhenie stoka rek ravnin Severnoi Evrazii v optimum golotsena (Decrease in the river runoff in the plains of Northern Eurasia during the Holocene climatic optimum). Vodnye resursy. 2012. No. 39 (1). P. 40–53. (in Russ.)Инишева Л.И., Кобак К.И., Турчинович И.Е. Развитие процесса заболачивания и скорость аккумуляции углерода в болотных экосистемах России // География и природные ресурсы. 2013. № 3. С. 60–68.Inisheva L.I., Kobak K.I., and Turchinovich I.E. Razvitie protsessa zabolachivaniya i skorost' akkumulyatsii ugleroda v bolotnykh ekosistemakh Rossii (Development of the waterlogging process and the rate of carbon accumulation in swamp ecosystems of Russia). Geografiya i prirodnye resursy. 2013. No. 3. P. 60–68. (in Russ.)Novenko E.Y., Mazei N.G., Kupriyanov D.A., Kusilman M.V., and Olchev A.V. Peatland initiation in Central European Russia during the Holocene: Effect of climate conditions and fires // The Holocene. 2020. Vol. 31.4. P. 545–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620981709Novenko E.Y., Mazei N.G., Kupriyanov D.A., Kusilman M.V., and Olchev A.V. Peatland initiation in Central European Russia during the Holocene: Effect of climate conditions and fires // The Holocene. 2020. Vol. 31.4. P. 545–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620981709Dobrowolski R., Ziółek M., Bałaga K., Melke J., and Bogucki A. Radiocarbon age and geochemistry of the infillings of small closed depressions from western Polesie (Poland Se, Ukraine Nw) // Geochronometria. 2010. No. 36. P. 39–46.Dobrowolski R., Ziółek M., Bałaga K., Melke J., and Bogucki A. Radiocarbon age and geochemistry of the infillings of small closed depressions from western Polesie (Poland Se, Ukraine Nw) // Geochronometria. 2010. No. 36. P. 39–46.Latalowa M. and Nalepka D. A study of the Late-Glacial and Holocene vegetational history of the Wolbrom area (Silesian-Cracovian Upland − S. Poland) // Acta Palaeobotanica. 1987. No. 27. No. 1. P. 75–115.Latalowa M. and Nalepka D. A study of the Late-Glacial and Holocene vegetational history of the Wolbrom area (Silesian-Cracovian Upland − S. Poland) // Acta Palaeobotanica. 1987. No. 27. No. 1. P. 75–115.Kalis A.J., Merkt J., and Wunderlich J. Environmental changes during the Holocene climatic optimum in central Europe – human impact and natural causes // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2003. No. 22. P. 33–79.Kalis A.J., Merkt J., and Wunderlich J. Environmental changes during the Holocene climatic optimum in central Europe – human impact and natural causes // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2003. No. 22. P. 33–79.Kulesza P., Suchora M., Irena A., Pidek I.A., Dobrowolski R., and Alexandrowicz W.P. The Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes reflected in the multi-proxy studies of Lake Słone sediments (SE Poland) // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2012. No. 363. P. 79–98.Kulesza P., Suchora M., Irena A., Pidek I.A., Dobrowolski R., and Alexandrowicz W.P. The Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes reflected in the multi-proxy studies of Lake Słone sediments (SE Poland) // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2012. No. 363. P. 79–98.Harmata K. Late-glacial and Holocene history of vegetation at Roztoki and Tarnowiec near Jasło (Jasło-Sanok Depression) // Acta Palaeobotanica. 1987. No. 27. No. 1. P. 43–65.Harmata K. Late-glacial and Holocene history of vegetation at Roztoki and Tarnowiec near Jasło (Jasło-Sanok Depression) // Acta Palaeobotanica. 1987. No. 27. No. 1. P. 43–65.Сапелко Т.В., Кузнецов Д.Д., Корнеенкова Н.Ю., Денисенков В.П., Лудикова А.В. Палеолимнология внутренних озер острова Путсаари (Ладожское озеро) // Изв. РГО. 2014. Т. 146. № 3. С. 29–40.Sapelko T.V., Kuznetsov D.D., Korneenkova N.Yu., Denisenkov V.P., and Ludikova A.V. Paleolimnologiya vnutrennikh ozer ostrova Putsaari (Ladozhskoe ozero) (Paleolimnology of internal lakes of Putsaari island (Ladoga Lake)). Izvestiya Russkogo geograficheskogo obshhestva. 2014. No. 146 (3). P. 29–40. (in Russ.)Ершова Е.Г., Кренке Н.А. Изучение природных и культурных ландшафтов железного века в долине Москвы-реки методами палинологии и археологии // Вестник археологии, антропологии и этнографии. 2014. № 3. С. 159–172.Ershova E.G. and Krenke N.A. Izuchenie prirodnykh i kul’turnykh landshaftov zheleznogo veka v doline Moskvy-reki metodami palinologii i arkheologii (Study of natural and cultural landscapes of the Iron Age in the Moscow River valley by methods of palynologyand archeology). Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii. 2014. No. 3. P. 159–172. (in Russ.)Krementski K.V., Borisova O.K., and Zelikson E.M. The Late Glacial and Holocene history of vegetation in the Moscow region // Paleontological Journal. 2000. No. 34. No. 1. P. 67–74.Krementski K.V., Borisova O.K., and Zelikson E.M. The Late Glacial and Holocene history of vegetation in the Moscow region // Paleontological Journal. 2000. No. 34. No. 1. P. 67–74.Nosova M.B., Novenko E.Yu., Severova E.E., and Nokova O.A. Vegetation and climate changes within and around the Polistovo-Lovatskaya mire system (Pskov Oblast, North-Western Russia) during the past 10500 years // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2019. No. 28. P. 123–140.Nosova M.B., Novenko E.Yu., Severova E.E., and Nokova O.A. Vegetation and climate changes within and around the Polistovo-Lovatskaya mire system (Pskov Oblast, North-Western Russia) during the past 10500 years // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2019. No. 28. P. 123–140.Miagkaia A. and Ershova E. A 10 000-year pollen and plant macrofossil record from the LosinyOstrov National Park (Moscow, Russia) // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020. No. 438. P. 012018.Miagkaia A. and Ershova E. A 10 000-year pollen and plant macrofossil record from the LosinyOstrov National Park (Moscow, Russia) // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020. No. 438. P. 012018.Болиховская Н.С. К истории растительности и климата Подмосковной Мещеры в голоцене // Палеоклиматы голоцена Европейской территории СССР. М.: Наука, 1988. С. 76–85.Bolikhovskaya N.S. K istorii rastitel’nosti i klimata Podmoskovnoi Meshchery v golotsene (On the history of vegetation and climate of the Moscow Meshchera during the Holocene). Paleoklimaty golotsena Evropeiskoi territorii SSSR (The Holocene Paleoclimates of the European territory of the USSR). М.: Nauka (Publ.), 1988. P. 76–85. (in Russ.)Зерницкая В.П., Матвеев А.В., Тимирева С.Н. История формирования болота Иванисовка (Белорусское Полесье) // Лiтасфера. 2010. № 1 (32). С. 20–30.Zernitskaya V.P., Matveev A.V., and Timireva S.N. Istoriya formirovaniya bolota Ivanisovka (Belorusskoe Poles’e) (History of the Ivanisovka peatland (Belarusian Polesie)). Litasfera. 2010. No. 1. No. 32. P. 20–30. (in Russ.)Novenko E., Tsyganov A., Volkova E., Kupriyanov D., Mironenko I., BabeshkoK., Utkina A., Popov V., and Mazei Yu. Mid- and Late Holocene vegetation dynamics and fire history in the boreal forest of European Russia: A case study from Meshchera Lowlands // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2016. No. 459. P. 570–584.Novenko E., Tsyganov A., Volkova E., Kupriyanov D., Mironenko I., BabeshkoK., Utkina A., Popov V., and Mazei Yu. Mid- and Late Holocene vegetation dynamics and fire history in the boreal forest of European Russia: A case study from Meshchera Lowlands // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2016. No. 459. P. 570–584.Guiot J., Harrison S.P., and Prentice C. Reconstruction of Holocene precipitation in Europe using pollen and lake level data // Quaternary Research. 1993. No. 49. P. 139–149.Guiot J., Harrison S.P., and Prentice C. Reconstruction of Holocene precipitation in Europe using pollen and lake level data // Quaternary Research. 1993. No. 49. P. 139–149.Cheddadi R., Yu G., Guiot J., Harrison S.P., and Prentice I.C. The climate of Europe 6000 years ago // Climate Dynamics. 1997. No. 13. P. 1–9.Cheddadi R., Yu G., Guiot J., Harrison S.P., and Prentice I.C. The climate of Europe 6000 years ago // Climate Dynamics. 1997. No. 13. P. 1–9.Tarasov P.E., Guiot J., Cheddadi R., and Andreev A. Climate in northern Eurasia 6000 years ago reconstructed from pollen data // Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1999. No. 171. P. 635–645.Tarasov P.E., Guiot J., Cheddadi R., and Andreev A. Climate in northern Eurasia 6000 years ago reconstructed from pollen data // Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1999. No. 171. P. 635–645.Wu H., Guiot J., Brewer S., and Guo Z. Climatic changes in Eurasia and Africa at the last glacial maximum and mid-Holocene: reconstruction from pollen data using inverse vegetation modeling // Climate Dynamics. 2007. No. 29. P. 211–229.Wu H., Guiot J., Brewer S., and Guo Z. Climatic changes in Eurasia and Africa at the last glacial maximum and mid-Holocene: reconstruction from pollen data using inverse vegetation modeling // Climate Dynamics. 2007. No. 29. P. 211–229.Borisova O. Environmental and climatic conditions of human occupation in the central east European plain during the middle Holocene: Reconstruction from palaeofloristic data // Quaternary International. 2019. No. 516. P. 42–57.Borisova O. Environmental and climatic conditions of human occupation in the central east European plain during the middle Holocene: Reconstruction from palaeofloristic data // Quaternary International. 2019. No. 516. P. 42–57.Olchev A.V., Getmanova E.R., and Novenko E.Y. A modeling approach for reconstruction of annual land surface evapotranspiration using palaeoecological data // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020. No. 438. P. 012021.Olchev A.V., Getmanova E.R., and Novenko E.Y. A modeling approach for reconstruction of annual land surface evapotranspiration using palaeoecological data // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020. No. 438. P. 012021.Novenko E.Y., Tsyganov A.N., and Olchev A.V. Palaeoecological data as a tool to predict possible future vegetation changes in the boreal forest zone of European Russia: a case study from the Central Forest Biosphere Reserve // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2018. No. 107. P. 012104.Novenko E.Y., Tsyganov A.N., and Olchev A.V. Palaeoecological data as a tool to predict possible future vegetation changes in the boreal forest zone of European Russia: a case study from the Central Forest Biosphere Reserve // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2018. No. 107. P. 012104.Novenko E.Y., Tsyganov A.N., Babeshko K.V., Payne R.J., Li J., Mazei Y.A., and Olchev A.V. Climatic moisture conditions in the north-west of the Mid-Russian Upland during the Holocene // Geography, Environment, Sustainability. 2019. No. 12. P. 188–202.Novenko E.Y., Tsyganov A.N., Babeshko K.V., Payne R.J., Li J., Mazei Y.A., and Olchev A.V. Climatic moisture conditions in the north-west of the Mid-Russian Upland during the Holocene // Geography, Environment, Sustainability. 2019. No. 12. P. 188–202.Тарасов П.Е., Гунова В.С., Успенская О. Н. Уровни озер бассейна Волги как индикатор изменения климата в голоцене // Вестник Моск. ун-та. Сер. 5. География. 1997. № 3. С. 40–41.Tarasov P.E., Gunova V.S., and Uspenskaya O.N. Urovni ozer basseina Volgi kak indikator izmeneniya klimata v golotsene (Lake levels of the Volga basin as an indicator of climate change in the Holocene). Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5. Geografiya. 1997. No 3. P. 40–41. (in Russ.)Rittweger H. The “Black Floodplain Soil” in the AmöneburgerBecken, Germany: a lower Holocene marker horizon and indicator of an upper Atlantic and Subboreal dry period in Central Europe // Catena. 2000. No. 41. P. 143–164.Rittweger H. The “Black Floodplain Soil” in the AmöneburgerBecken, Germany: a lower Holocene marker horizon and indicator of an upper Atlantic and Subboreal dry period in Central Europe // Catena. 2000. No. 41. P. 143–164.Панин А.В., Каревская И.А. История формирования поймы р. Протвы в районе Сатинской станции МГУ // Вестник Моск. ун-та. Сер. 5. География. 2000. № 4. С. 55–62.Panin A.V. and Karevskaya I.A. Istoriya formirovaniya poimy r. Protvy v raione Satinskoi stantsii MGU (History of the formation of the Protva River floodplain in the area of the Satinskaya station of Moscow State University). Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5. Geografiya. 2000. No. 4. P. 55–62. (in Russ.)Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M. Environmental changes recorded in lakes and mires of Poland during the last 13000 years // Acta Palaeobotanica. 1989. No. 29. P. 1–120.Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M. Environmental changes recorded in lakes and mires of Poland during the last 13000 years // Acta Palaeobotanica. 1989. No. 29. P. 1–120.Vinther B.M., Clausen H.B., Johnsen S.J., Rasmussen S.O., Andersen K.K., Buchardt S.L., Dahl-Jensen D., Seierstad I.K., Siggaard-Andersen M.-L., Steffensen J.P., Svensson A., Olsen J., and Heinemeier J. A synchronized dating of three Greenland ice cores throughout the Holocene // Journal of Geophysical Research. 2006. No. 111. P. D13102.Vinther B.M., Clausen H.B., Johnsen S.J., Rasmussen S.O., Andersen K.K., Buchardt S.L., Dahl-Jensen D., Seierstad I.K., Siggaard-Andersen M.-L., Steffensen J.P., Svensson A., Olsen J., and Heinemeier J. A synchronized dating of three Greenland ice cores throughout the Holocene // Journal of Geophysical Research. 2006. No. 111. P. D13102.Berger A. and Loutre M.F. Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years // Quaternary Science Reviews. 1991. No. 10. P. 297–317.Berger A. and Loutre M.F. Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years // Quaternary Science Reviews. 1991. No. 10. P. 297–317.Bond G., Kromer B., Beer J., Muscheler R., Evans M., Showers W., and Hoffmann S. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the Holocene // Science. 2001. No. 294. P. 2130–2136.Bond G., Kromer B., Beer J., Muscheler R., Evans M., Showers W., and Hoffmann S. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the Holocene // Science. 2001. No. 294. P. 2130–2136.Starkel L., Michczyńska D.J., Krąpiec M., Margielewski W., Nalepka D., and Pazdur A. Progress in the Holocene chrono-climatostratigraphy of Polish territory // Geochronometria. 2013. No. 40. No. 1. P. 1–21.Starkel L., Michczyńska D.J., Krąpiec M., Margielewski W., Nalepka D., and Pazdur A. Progress in the Holocene chrono-climatostratigraphy of Polish territory // Geochronometria. 2013. No. 40. No. 1. P. 1–21.Zernitskaya V. and Mikhailov N. Evidence of early farming in the Holocene pollen spectra of Belarus // Quaternary International. 2009. No. 203. P. 91–104.Zernitskaya V. and Mikhailov N. Evidence of early farming in the Holocene pollen spectra of Belarus // Quaternary International. 2009. No. 203. P. 91–104.Niinemets E. and Saarse L. Holocene vegetation and land-use dynamics of south-eastern Estonia // Quaternary International. 2009. No. 207. P. 104–116.Niinemets E. and Saarse L. Holocene vegetation and land-use dynamics of south-eastern Estonia // Quaternary International. 2009. No. 207. P. 104–116.Лычагина Е.Л., Зарецкая Н.Е., Чернов А.В., Лаптева Е.Г., Трофимова С.С., Зиновьев Е.В. Палеоэкологические исследования в районе Чашкинского озера (Среднее Предуралье) // Седьмые Берсовские чтения / Мат-лы всерос. науч.-практ. конф. с междунар. участием. Екатеринбург: КВАДРАТ, 2016. С. 294–302.Lychagina E.L., Zaretskaya N.E., Chernov A.V., Lapteva E.G., Trofimova S.S., and Zinov’ev E.V. Paleoekologicheskie issledovaniya v raione Chashkinskogo ozera (Srednee Predural’e) (Paleoecological research in the area Chashkinskoe lake (middle Urals)). Sed’mye Bersovskie chteniya. Materialy vserossiiskoi nauchnoprakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem (The Seventh Bers readings. Materials of the all-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation). 2016. P. 294–302. (in Russ.)Климанов В.А., Хотинский Н.А., Благовещенская Н.В. Колебания климата за исторический период в центре русской равнины // Изв. РАН. Сер. геогр. 1995. № 1. С. 89–96.Klimanov V.A., Khotinskii N.A., and Blagoveshchenskaya N.V. Kolebaniya klimata za istoricheskii period v tsentre russkoi ravniny (Climate fluctuations over the historical period in the center of the Russian plain). Izvestiya RAN. Seriya geograficheskaya. 1995. No. 1. P. 89–96. (in Russ.)Клименко В.В., Климанов В.А. Холодный климат ранней субатлантической эпохи в Северном полушарии // ДАН. 2003. Т. 391. № 3. С. 393–397.Klimenko V.V. and Klimanov V.A. Kholodnyi klimat rannei subatlanticheskoi epokhi v Severnom polusharii (Cold climate of the early Subatlantic epoch in the Northern Hemisphere). Doklady Akademii nauk. 2003. No. 391 (3). P. 393–397. (in Russ.)Roland T.P., Caseldine C.J., Charman D.J., Turney C.S.M., and Amesbury M.J. Was there a ‘4.2 ka event’ in Great Britain and Ireland? Evidence from the peatland record // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2014. No. 83. P. 11–27.Roland T.P., Caseldine C.J., Charman D.J., Turney C.S.M., and Amesbury M.J. Was there a ‘4.2 ka event’ in Great Britain and Ireland? Evidence from the peatland record // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2014. No. 83. P. 11–27.Pleskot K., Apolinarska K., Kołaczek P., Suchora M., Fojutowski M., Joniak T., Kotrys B., Kramkowski M., Słowiński M., Woźniak M., and Lamentowicz M. Searching for the 4.2 ka climate event at Lake Spore, Poland // Catena. 2020. No. 191. P. 104565.Pleskot K., Apolinarska K., Kołaczek P., Suchora M., Fojutowski M., Joniak T., Kotrys B., Kramkowski M., Słowiński M., Woźniak M., and Lamentowicz M. Searching for the 4.2 ka climate event at Lake Spore, Poland // Catena. 2020. No. 191. P. 104565.Perşoiu A., Ionita M., and Weiss H. Atmospheric blocking induced by the strengthened Siberian High led to drying in west Asia during the 4.2 ka BP event – a hypothesis // Climate ofthe Past. 2019. No. 15. P. 781–793.Perşoiu A., Ionita M., and Weiss H. Atmospheric blocking induced by the strengthened Siberian High led to drying in west Asia during the 4.2 ka BP event – a hypothesis // Climate ofthe Past. 2019. No. 15. P. 781–793.Bradley R.S. and Bakke J. Is there evidence for a 4.2kaBP event in the northern North Atlantic region? // Climate ofthe Past. 2019. No. 15. P. 1665–1676.Bradley R.S. and Bakke J. Is there evidence for a 4.2kaBP event in the northern North Atlantic region? // Climate ofthe Past. 2019. No. 15. P. 1665–1676.Arz H.W., Lamy F., and Pätzold J. A pronounced dry event recorded around 4.2 ka in brine sediments from the northern Red Sea // Quaternary Research. 2006. No. 66. P. 432–441.Arz H.W., Lamy F., and Pätzold J. A pronounced dry event recorded around 4.2 ka in brine sediments from the northern Red Sea // Quaternary Research. 2006. No. 66. P. 432–441.Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M., Nalepka D., and Goslar T. Some problems of forest transformation at the transition to the oligocratic/Homo sapiens phase of the Holocene interglacial in northern lowlands of central Europe // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2003. No. 12. P. 233–247.Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M., Nalepka D., and Goslar T. Some problems of forest transformation at the transition to the oligocratic/Homo sapiens phase of the Holocene interglacial in northern lowlands of central Europe // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2003. No. 12. P. 233–247.Van Geel B. A palaeoecological study of Holocene peat bog sections in Germany and the Netherlands, based on the analyses of pollen, spores and macro- and microscopic remains of fungi, algae, cormophytes and animals // Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 1978. No. 25. P. 1–120.Van Geel B. A palaeoecological study of Holocene peat bog sections in Germany and the Netherlands, based on the analyses of pollen, spores and macro- and microscopic remains of fungi, algae, cormophytes and animals // Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 1978. No. 25. P. 1–120.Charman D.J. and Hendon D. Long-term changes in soil water tables over the past 4500 years: relationships with climate and North Atlantic atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature // Climatic Change. 2000. No. 47. P. 45–59.Charman D.J. and Hendon D. Long-term changes in soil water tables over the past 4500 years: relationships with climate and North Atlantic atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature // Climatic Change. 2000. No. 47. P. 45–59.Lücke A., Schleser G.H., Zolitschka B., and Negendank J.F.W. A Lateglacial and Holocene organic carbon isotope record of lacustrine palaeoproductivity and climatic change derived from varved lake sediments of Lake Holzmaar, Germany // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2003. No. 22. P. 569–580.Lücke A., Schleser G.H., Zolitschka B., and Negendank J.F.W. A Lateglacial and Holocene organic carbon isotope record of lacustrine palaeoproductivity and climatic change derived from varved lake sediments of Lake Holzmaar, Germany // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2003. No. 22. P. 569–580.Büntgen U., Tegel W., Nicolussi K., McCormick M., Frank D., Trouet V., Kaplan J.O., Herzig F., Heussner K.U., Wanner H., Luterbacher J., and Esper J. 2500 years of European climate variability and human susceptibility // Science. 2011. No. 331. P. 578–582.Büntgen U., Tegel W., Nicolussi K., McCormick M., Frank D., Trouet V., Kaplan J.O., Herzig F., Heussner K.U., Wanner H., Luterbacher J., and Esper J. 2500 years of European climate variability and human susceptibility // Science. 2011. No. 331. P. 578–582.Helama S., Jones P.D., and Briffa K.R. Dark Ages Cold Period: A literature review and directions for future research // The Holocene. 2017. No. 27. P. 1600–1606.Helama S., Jones P.D., and Briffa K.R. Dark Ages Cold Period: A literature review and directions for future research // The Holocene. 2017. No. 27. P. 1600–1606.Gouw-Bouman M.T.I.J., van Asch N., Engels S., and Hoek W.Z. Late Holocene ecological shifts and chironomid-inferred summer temperature changes reconstructed from Lake Uddelermeer, the Netherlands // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2019. No. 535. P. 109366.Gouw-Bouman M.T.I.J., van Asch N., Engels S., and Hoek W.Z. Late Holocene ecological shifts and chironomid-inferred summer temperature changes reconstructed from Lake Uddelermeer, the Netherlands // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2019. No. 535. P. 109366.Goosse H., Renssen H., Timmermann A., and Bradley R.S. Internal and forced climate variability during the last millennium: a model-data comparison using ensemble simulations // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2005. No. 24. P. 1345–1360.Goosse H., Renssen H., Timmermann A., and Bradley R.S. Internal and forced climate variability during the last millennium: a model-data comparison using ensemble simulations // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2005. No. 24. P. 1345–1360.Büntgen U., Trouet V., Frank D., Leuschner H.H., Friedrichs D., Luterbacher J., and Esper J. Tree ring indicators of German summer drought over the last millennium // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2010. No. 29. P. 1005–1016.Büntgen U., Trouet V., Frank D., Leuschner H.H., Friedrichs D., Luterbacher J., and Esper J. Tree ring indicators of German summer drought over the last millennium // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2010. No. 29. P. 1005–1016.Кожаринов А.В., Сирин А.А., Клименко В.В., Климанов В.А., Малясова Е.С., Слепцов А.М. Динамика растительного покрова и климата Западнодвинской низины (Тверская область) за последние 5 тысяч лет // Ботанический журнал. 2003. Т. 88. № 3. С. 90–97.Kozharinov A.V., Sirin A.A., Klimenko V.V., Klimanov V.A., Malyasova E.S., and Sleptsov A.M. Dinamika rastitel’nogo pokrova i klimata Zapadnodvinskoi niziny (Tverskaya oblast') za poslednie 5 tysyach let (Dynamics of vegetation cover and climate of the Zapadno-dvinskaya lowland (Tver region) over the last 5 thousand years). Botanicheskii zhurnal. 2003. No. 88 (3). P. 90–97. (in Russ.)Panin A. and Matlakhova E. Fluvial chronology in the East European plain over the last 20 ka and its palaeohydrological implications // Catena. 2015. No. 130. P. 46–61.Panin A. and Matlakhova E. Fluvial chronology in the East European plain over the last 20 ka and its palaeohydrological implications // Catena. 2015. No. 130. P. 46–61.Климанов В.А., Сирин А.А. Динамика торфонакопления болотами Северной Евразии за последние 3000 лет // Доклады Академии наук. 1997. Т. 354. № 5. С. 683–686.Klimanov V.A. and Sirin A.A. Dinamika torfonakopleniya bolotami Severnoi Evrazii za poslednie 3000 let (Dynamics of peat accumulation by swamps of Northern Eurasia over the last 3000 years). Doklady RAN. 1997. No. 354 (5). P. 683–686. (in Russ.)Писарчук Н.М., Новенко Е.Ю., Козлов Д.Н., Шилов П.М. Влияние климатических изменений на лесные экосистемы и процессы заболачивания в Центрально-лесном заповеднике // Вестник Моск. ун-та. Сер. 5. География. 2016. № 4. С. 73–82.Pisarchuk N.M., Novenko E.Yu., Kozlov D.N., and Shilov P.M. Vliyanie klimaticheskikh izmenenii na lesnye ekosistemy i protsessy zabolachivaniya v Tsentral’nolesnom zapovednike (Influence of climatic changes on forest ecosystems and waterlogging processes in the Central Forest Reserve). Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5. Geografiya. 2016. No. 4. P. 73–82.Будыко М.И. Климат в прошлом и будущем. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1980. 352 с.Budyko M.I. Klimat v proshlom i budushchem (Climate in the past and future). L.: Gidrometeoizdat (Publ.), 1980. 352 p. (in Russ.)

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.