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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geomorf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геоморфология и палеогеография</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geomorfologiya i Paleogeografiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-1789</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1797</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0435428121030068</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geomorf-1560</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные сообщения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Short communications</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реакция высокогорных озер западного Памира на изменение климата (на примере озера Варшезкуль Нижнее, Горно-Бадахшанская автономная область, Таджикистан)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The responds of the Western Pamirs alpine lakes to climate change (Lake Lower Varshedzkul case study, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Tajikistan)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кидяева</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kidyaeva</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крыленко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черноморец</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernomorets</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">devdorak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савернюк</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savernyuk</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куровская</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurovskaia</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раимбеков</surname><given-names>Ю. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Raimbekov</surname><given-names>Yu. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирмамадов</surname><given-names>У. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pirmamadov</surname><given-names>U. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мародасейнов</surname><given-names>Ф. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marodaseinov</surname><given-names>F. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Филиал Агентства Ага Хана по Хабитат в Республике Таджикистан</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Branch of the Aga Khan Agency for Habitat in the Republic of Tajikistan</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Организация Ага Хана по развитию</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Aga Khan Development Network</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>52</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Геоморфология</issue-title><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кидяева В.М., Крыленко И.В., Черноморец С.С., Савернюк Е.А., Куровская В.А., Раимбеков Ю.Х., Бобов Р.А., Пирмамадов У.Р., Мародасейнов Ф.О., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кидяева В.М., Крыленко И.В., Черноморец С.С., Савернюк Е.А., Куровская В.А., Раимбеков Ю.Х., Бобов Р.А., Пирмамадов У.Р., Мародасейнов Ф.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kidyaeva V.M., Krylenko I.V., Chernomorets S.S., Savernyuk E.A., Kurovskaia V.A., Raimbekov Y.H., Bobov R.A., Pirmamadov U.R., Marodaseinov F.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1560">https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1560</self-uri><abstract><p>Деградация оледенения Памира, рост площади озер, изменение стока рек, увеличение числа и риска опасных процессов преимущественно являются ответом на повышение летних температур. Показано влияние климатических изменений на рост потенциальной опасности возникновения прорывных паводков и селей в западном Памире, на примере типичного ледникового бассейна р. Варшездара, бассейн р. Гунт. Площадь ледниковых озер в бассейне р. Варшездара – Варшезкуль Верхнее, подпруженного скальными породами и Варшезкуль Нижнее, удерживаемого рыхлообломочной моренной перемычкой с ледяным ядром, – за последние 40 лет увеличилась в 3 раза (с 51.7 тыс. м2 до 173 тыс. м2), а площадь ледника Варшез уменьшилась на 11% (с 7 млн м2 до 6.2 млн м2). Детальные полевые исследования бассейна, включавшие батиметрическую съемку и аэросъемку, позволили выявить нестабильность водоудерживающей перемычки оз. Варшезкуль Нижнее, а в долине реки – наличие активного каменного глетчера с большим количеством материала, потенциально вовлекаемого в селевой поток. Измеренный объем оз. Варшезкуль Нижнее оценивается в 1.94 млн м3, а Варшезкуль Верхнее – в 3.57 млн м3. На основании соотношения обвальной массы и излитого объема воды предполагается, что при порыве одновременно двух озер опорожнится половина объема верхнего озера и полностью нижнее озеро, таким образом, объем прорывного паводка составит 3.725 млн м3. Максимальный расход прорывного паводка при таком объеме оценивается в 650 м3/с, что соответствует расходу селевого потока 1000 м3/с. По результатам математического моделирования получено, что скорость добегания такого потока до населенных пунктов составляет всего 0.1 ч, потоки затопят конус выноса, разрушат строения и автодорогу, расположенные на нем, на глубину до 3–4 м, при скоростях течения до 3 м/с. Полученные результаты можно принять во внимание при изучении других ледниковых бассейнов западного Памира, в которых расположены растущие ледниковые озера и существуют те же потенциально опасные обстановки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Glacial degradation of Pamir, growth of alpine lakes area, of stream discharges, frequency and risk of natural disasters are all results of increasing summer temperatures. The influence of climate change on the growth of the potential risk of outburst floods and debris flows in the Western Pamirs has been proved, using the example of a typical glacial basin of the Varshedzdara River (the Gunt River tributary). Detailed field studies of the basin, including bathymetric and aerial surveys, revealed the instability of the unconsolidated moraine impounding Lake Lower Varshedzkul, the presence of an ice core in it, and the presence of active rock stream, a large amount of material potentially involved in debris flow, in the river valley. Estimated volume of water contained in lakes Lower Varshezkul and Higher Varshezkul are 1.94 million m3 and 3.57 million m3 respectively. The area of glacial lakes in the Varshedzdara river basin has increased 3 times over the past 40 years (from 51.7 tsd m2 to 173 tsd m2), and the area of the Varshedz glacier has decreased by 11% (from 7 mln m2  to 6.2 mln m2). The maximum volume of a debris flow in the valley was estimated at 5.73 mln m3, the debris flow discharge was 1000 m3/s. If both lakes are to breach simultaneously, an estimated discharge would reach 3.725 mln m3. That includes half of the volume of Higher Varshezkul and the entire volume of Lower Varshezkul lakes. According to the results of mathematical modeling, it was found that the lag time for the stream reaching the settlements is only 0.1 h, the buildings and the highway located on the debris cone will be inundated up to 3–4 meters with flow velocity of 3 m/sec. and destroyed. The results can be interpolated to other glacial basins of the western Pamirs, in which growing glacial lakes are located, and the potential hazard will increase.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ледниковые озера</kwd><kwd>опасные геоморфологические процессы</kwd><kwd>батиметрическая съемка</kwd><kwd>моделирование прорыва озера</kwd><kwd>FLO-2D</kwd><kwd>Агентство Ага Хана по Хабитат в Республике Таджикистан</kwd><kwd>озеро</kwd><kwd>подпруженное мореной</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glacial lakes</kwd><kwd>hazardous geological processes</kwd><kwd>bathymetric survey</kwd><kwd>simulation of the lake outburst</kwd><kwd>FLO-2D</kwd><kwd>Branch of the Aga Khan Agency for Habitat in the Republic of Tajikistan</kwd><kwd>moraine impounding lake</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Филиала Агентства Ага Хана по Хабитат в Республике Таджикистан и в рамках государственного задания МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова по теме I.7 ААААА16-116032810093-2 “Картографирование, моделирование и оценка риска опасных природных процессов”. Статья подготовлена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, проект № 18-05-00520.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Study was supported by the Branch of the Aga Khan Agency for Habitat in the Republic of Tajikistan and by Lomonosov Moscow State University (grant I.7 АААА-А16-116032810093-2 “Mapping, modeling and risk assessment of dangerous natural processes”). This paper was prepared with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 18-05-00520.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bajracharya S.R., Mool P.K., and Shrestha B.R. 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