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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geomorf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геоморфология и палеогеография</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geomorfologiya i Paleogeografiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-1789</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1797</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0435428122040058</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geomorf-1616</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные сообщения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Short communications</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Многолетняя динамика линейного, площадного и объемного прироста оврагов на территории Удмуртии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-term dynamics of linear, areal and volumetric growth of ravines on the territory of Udmurtia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorev</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ivangrig@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рысин</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rysin</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rysin.iwan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Удмуртский государственный университет, Ижевск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Udmurt State University, Izhevsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>53</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Григорьев И.И., Рысин И.И., 1970</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1970</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Григорьев И.И., Рысин И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grigorev I.I., Rysin I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1616">https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/1616</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматриваются инструментальные методы изучения линейного, площадного и объемного роста оврагов на сельскохозяйственных землях за период с начала 2000-х до 2021 гг. Методы исследования включали плановую геодезическую съемку вершинной части оврагов, включая бровки, тальвег и поперечные профили с применением электронного тахеометра. Объекты исследования включают 6 оврагов различного типа (2 приводораздельных, придолинный, вершинный, донный и пойменный), развивающихся в пределах 6 ключевых участков, где их водосборные площади заняты преимущественно пахотными угодьями. Целью исследований является выявление связи между линейным, площадным и объемным приростом оврагов в зависимости от их морфолого-морфометрических характеристик. Для большинства рассматриваемых оврагов максимальные размывы наблюдались в 2001 г., когда линейные приросты вершин достигали 13.8–21.8 м (среднее арифметическое за весь период наблюдений – 0.68–3.45 м), площадные варьировались в пределах – от 25.1 до 436.7 м2, (среднее арифметическое – 11.12–109.02 м2), а объемные, соответственно – от 398 до 3068 м3, (среднее арифметическое – 27.52–889.80 м3), но были и исключения, когда линейные приросты имели максимум в 2011 г., например, приводораздельный овраг № 1 (2.3 м) и вершинный овраг № 4 (3.25 м). По всем типам оврагов рассчитаны основные статистические показатели величин линейного, площадного и объемного приростов за исследуемый период. Установлено, что в большинстве случаев проявляется отчетливая зависимость между рассматриваемыми показателями, что наиболее характерно для пойменного оврага с коротким (2013–2021 гг.) периодом наблюдения. Здесь связь линейного прироста с площадным (r = 0.985) и объемным (r = 0.984) размывами оказалась очень высокой. Достаточно высокой получилась связь линейного прироста с площадным (r = 0.819) и объемным размывами (r = 0.792) у донного одновершинного оврага на участке “Курегово”. Высокая положительная связь линейного прироста с площадным (r = 0.792) и объемным размывами (r = 0.756) отмечена у придолинного оврага на правом склоне долины реки Вятки (“Крымская Слудка”). Умеренная связь линейного прироста с площадным (r = 0.629) и объемным размывами (r = 0.429) оказалась у приводораздельного одновершинного оврага на ключевом участке “Вятское”. Очень слабая положительная связь линейного прироста с площадным (r = 0.348) и объемным размывами (r = 0.326) обнаружилась у приводораздельного оврага, растущего тремя вершинами на участке “Кулюшево”. Не обнаружена связь линейного прироста как с площадным (r = 0.280), так и с объемным размывами (r = 0.289) только у вершинного оврага (“Варзи-Ятчи”), растущего в верховьях днища голоценовой балки тремя вершинами, что объясняется более интенсивным развитием его отвершков в результате появления новых ложбин стока из-за сельскохозяйственной деятельности. Для всех рассматриваемых оврагов выявлена очень высокая связь между площадным и объемным приростом (r = 0.969 ± 0.074). Асинхронность линейного, площадного и объемного приростов исследуемых оврагов не всегда связана с климатическими факторами, что можно объяснить влиянием склоновых процессов, а в некоторых случаях и суффозией. Выявлены плавное изменение по годам площадного и объемного размывов и достаточно резкое колебание величин линейного прироста вершин оврагов, независимо от типа и их морфолого-морфометрических особенностей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Instrumental methods of studying linear, areal and volumetric growth of ravines on agricultural lands over the period from the early 2000s to 2021 are considered. The objects of the study include 6 ravines of various types (two the near-drainage divide, near-valley, top, bottom and floodplain), developing within 6 key areas, where their catchment areas are occupied mainly by plowed agricultural land. The purpose of the research is to identify the relationship between the linear, areal, and volumetric growth of ravines to their morphological and morphometric characteristics. The research methods included a geodetic survey of the top part of the ravines, their edges, thalwegs and transverse profiles using an electronic tachometer.</p><p>For most of the considered ravines, the maximum washouts were observed in 2001, when the linear headward retreat, areal, and volumetric varied within 13.8–21.8 m, (arithmetic average for the entire observation period was 0.68–3.45 m), from 25.1 to 436.7 m2, (arithmetic mean – 11.12–109.02 m2), and from 398 to 3068 m3, (arithmetic mean – 27.52–889.80 m3), respectively. There were exceptions when linear increments had a maximum in 2011, for example, the near-drainage divide ravine No. 1 (2.3 m) and the top ravine No. 4 (3.25 m). For all types of ravines, the main statistical indicators of the values of linear, area and volume increments for the study period were calculated.</p><p>It was found that in most cases there is a clear dependence between the considered indicators, which is most typical for a floodplain ravine with a short (2013–2021) observation period. Here, the relationship of linear growth with area (r = 0.985) and volume (r = 0.984) washouts turned out to be very high. The relationship of linear growth with areal (r = 0.819) and volumetric washouts (r = 0.792) at the bottom of a single-top gully on the “Kuregovo” site turned out to be quite high. A high positive relationship of linear growth with areal (r = 0.792) and volumetric erosion (r = 0.756) was noted at the near-valley gully on the right slope of the valley of the Vyatka River (“Crimean Sludka”).</p><p>A moderate relationship between the linear growth and the areal (r = 0.629) and volumetric washouts (r = 0.429) was found for single-top near-drainage divide ravine in the key area “Vyatskoye”. A very weak positive relationship between linear growth and areal (r = 0.348) and volumetric washouts (r = 0.326) wasfound for the near-drainage divide gully growing with three headcuts in the Kulyushevo area. No relationship was found between linear growth with both areal (r = 0.280) and volumetric erosion (r = 0.289) only for the top ravine (“Varzi-Yatchi”), growing in the upper reaches on the bottom of the Holocene gulch. This ravine has with three headcuts expanding in three directions because of the emergence of new runoff troughs due to agricultural activity.</p><p>For all of the considered ravines, a very high correlation was found between the area and volume growth (r = 0.969 ± 0.074). The asynchrony of the linear, area and volume increments of the studied ravines is not always associated with climate factors, which can be explained by the influence of slope processes, and in some cases by suffusion. A smooth change over the years of areal and volumetric erosion and a rather sharp fluctuation in the values of the linear growth in the headcuts of ravines, regardless of the type and their morphological and morphometric features, were revealed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морфометрия оврагов</kwd><kwd>инструментальная съемка</kwd><kwd>многолетний мониторинг</kwd><kwd>статистический и корреляционный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>growth of ravines</kwd><kwd>morphometry of ravines</kwd><kwd>instrumental survey</kwd><kwd>long-term monitoring</kwd><kwd>statistical and correlation analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">РГО, договор № 31/2020-Р</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акмаров П.Б., Князева О.П., Рысин И.И. 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