geomorfГеоморфология и палеогеографияGeomorfologiya i Paleogeografiya2949-17892949-179710.31857/S0435428122030075geomorf-2504Research ArticleСедиментология, палеогеокриология, палеогидрологияSedimentology, palaeogeocryology, palaeohydrologyИзменчивость строения и состава верхнечетвертичных лёссов Предкавказья (юг европейской части России)Variability in the structure and composition of the Upper Quaternary loess of Ciscaucasia (south of the European part of Russia)КонстантиновЕ. А.KonstantinovE. A.МазневаЕ. А.MaznevaE. A.СычевН. В.SychevN. V.ЗахаровА. Л.ZakharovA. L.ФилипповаК. Г.FilippovaK. G.Институт географии РАНРоссияInstitute of Geography RASRussian Federation202205102022533Геоморфология107116Copyright © Константинов Е.А., Мазнева Е.А., Сычев Н.В., Захаров А.Л., Филиппова К.Г., 20222022Константинов Е.А., Мазнева Е.А., Сычев Н.В., Захаров А.Л., Филиппова К.Г.Konstantinov E.A., Mazneva E.A., Sychev N.V., Zakharov A.L., Filippova K.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/2504

Источники и направления переноса минеральной пыли, из которой сложена лёссово-палеопочвенная серия (ЛПС) Предкавказья, остаются предметами дискуссии в региональной палеогеографии. Одним из основных подходов в решении указанных проблем является пространственный анализ строения и состава лёссовых отложений. На основе исследования кернов трех опорных скважин был построен субширотный разрез плакорных ЛПС позднего плейстоцена и голоцена. Обнаружено направленное уменьшение мощности ЛПС и размера частиц с востока на запад. Так, в колонке OT-20 (восток региона) суммарная мощность верхнего плейстоцена и голоцена составляет 22.6 м, в колонке SB-1 (центр региона) – 9.7 м, в колонке YS-1 (запад региона) – 5.3 м. Среднее содержание песчаной фракции в осадке: OT-20 – 17.1%, SB-1 – 6.1%, YS-1 – 1.9%. Полученные результаты указывают на то, что главное направление эолового переноса в позднем плейстоцене и голоцене было ориентировано с востока на запад. А песчаные пустыни Прикаспийской низменности, вероятно, являлись основным источником минеральной пыли – областью дефляции. Второстепенными источниками минеральной пыли могли служить локальные песчаные массивы, расположенные на террасах крупных рек – таких как Дон и Кубань. Изменения механического состава осадка по глубине показывают, что интенсивность эоловых процессов была выше в холодные эпохи и ниже – в теплые. ЛПС на востоке региона, в силу высоких темпов аккумуляции минеральной пыли, имеют значительно более высокое временное разрешение палеоклиматической и палеоландшафтной записи по сравнению с ЛПС на западе. В восточных лёссах выше амплитуда изменчивости состава осадка, что говорит о более высокой чувствительности осадконакопления к изменениям условий.

The problem of the source of mineral dust, which makes up the loess-paleosol sequence of Ciscaucasia, remains relevant. One of the main approaches to solving the problem is the spatial analysis of the structure and composition of the loess. Based on the core analysis of three boreholes, a sublatitudinal cross-section of the loess-paleosol sequence of the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene was constructed. A gradual decrease in the thickness of loess-paleosol sequence and grain size from east to west was found out. The total thickness of the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene deposits in the OT-20 section (eastern part) is 22.6 m, SB-1 (central part) – 9.7 m, YS-1 (western part) – 5.3 m. The average content of the sand fraction decreases in the same direction: OT-20 – 17.1%, SB-1 – 6.1%, YS-1 – 1.9%. The results indicate that the main direction of the aeolian transport during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene was from east to west. Sand deserts of the Caspian low-land are probably the main source of the material. Secondary sources of mineral dust are local sandy massifs spread on the terraces of large rivers like Don and Kuban. Compositional variations of loess in depth show that the intensity of eolian processes was higher during cold periods and lower during warm ones. The loess sequences in the east of Ciscaucasia have higher temporal resolution and more responsive paleoclimatic indicators than the western ones.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.