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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geomorf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геоморфология и палеогеография</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geomorfologiya i Paleogeografiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-1789</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1797</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S2949178924010082</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ILOWAH</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geomorf-3115</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История развития рельефа</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этапы развития рельефа в районе палеолитической стоянки Ушбулак (Восточный Казахстан)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stages of development of the relief in the area of the paleolithic site of Ushbulak (East Kazakhstan)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульянов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulyanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vauism@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-6202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбанов</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbanov</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-686X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семиколенных</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semikolennyh</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павленок</surname><given-names>Г. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlenok</surname><given-names>G. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харевич</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharevich</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-2259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анойкин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anoikin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, географический факультет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, географический факультет, Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Institute of Geography RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>55</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>130</fpage><lpage>146</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ульянов В.А., Курбанов Р.Н., Семиколенных Д.В., Павленок Г.Д., Харевич В.М., Анойкин А.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ульянов В.А., Курбанов Р.Н., Семиколенных Д.В., Павленок Г.Д., Харевич В.М., Анойкин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ulyanov V.A., Kurbanov R.N., Semikolennyh D.V., Pavlenok G.D., Kharevich V.M., Anoikin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3115">https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3115</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты комплексных геоархеологических исследований стоянки верхнего палеолита Ушбулак, одной из наиболее значимых для понимания эволюции материальной культуры Homo sapiens в Центральной Азии. На основе детальной характеристики современного рельефа и экзогенных процессов, изучения строения разреза новейших отложений, абсолютного датирования люминесцентным методом реконструированы природные условия формирования отложений стоянки во вторую половину позднего плейстоцена. В разрезе стоянки Ушбулак выделено восемь основных литологических слоев, отражающих условия осадконакопления вблизи руч. Восточный. Анализ технико-типологических характеристик артефактов на памятнике позволил выделить четыре культурнохронологических комплекса: начальные этапы верхнего палеолита (слои 7, 6 и горизонт 5.2), развитый верхний палеолит (горизонт 5.1 и слой 4), финальный верхний палеолит (слои 3, 2) и эпоха палеометалла (слой 1). По результатам люминесцентного датирования рассчитана байесовская возрастная модель формирования отложений разреза стоянки Ушбулак, характеризующая возраст культурных горизонтов и основных этапов развития рельефа. Выделено пять этапов развития рельефа в районе памятника. Заселение Шиликтинской долины носителями культур верхнего палеолита произошло в условиях начальной фазы потепления МИС 3 не позднее 51 тыс. л. н. Индустрии начального верхнего палеолита фиксируются на стоянке в продолжительном интервале первой половины МИС 3 (51–34 тыс. л. н.). Отсутствие значимых изменений в технокомплексах может свидетельствовать о стабильных природных обстановках в это время. Во второй половине МИС 3 в регионе начинается новое похолодание, которому соответствует хиатус в заселении участка стоянки человеком. В начале МИС 2 в районе стоянки фиксируется новая активная фаза деятельности людей, носителей культуры развитого верхнего палеолита (25–21 тыс. л. н.). Последняя фаза заселения региона носителями культуры финального верхнего палеолита произошла в период потепления около 17–14 тыс. л. н. При этом на всех этапах интенсивность заселения палеоколлективами Шиликтинской долины хорошо коррелирует с флуктуациями климатических условий в позднем плейстоцене.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents results of complex geoarchaeological studies of the Ushbulak Upper Paleolithic site, one of the most significant locations for understanding the evolution of Homo sapiens material culture in Central Asia. On the basis of a detailed description of the modern relief and exogenous processes, study of the sediments, absolute dating using luminescence, we present reconstruction of geomorphological evolution of the site during the various stages of human occupation of the Shilikty Valley in the second half of the Late Pleistocene. Eight main lithological layers were identified in the Ushbulak section. Based on the analysis of the technical and typological characteristics of the artifacts four cultural and chronological assemblages were identified: the initial stages of the Upper Paleolithic (layers 7.2–5.2), the advanced Upper Paleolithic (layers 5.1–4), the final Upper Paleolithic (layers 3.3–2.1) and the Paleometallic era (layer 1). Results of luminescence dating were used to develop a Bayesian age model for detailed age determination of sedimentation at Ushbulak. Newly developed chronology allowed to establish the age of cultural horizons and to reconstruct the main stages of the geomorphological development. Five stages of landscape evolution of the Ushbulak site have been identified. The initial human occupation of the Shilikty Valley during Initial Upper Paleolithic took place during the warming phase of MIS 3 no later than 52 ka. The Early Upper Paleolithic industries are identified at the site in the first half of MIS 3 (52–39 ka). Absence of significant changes in lithics may indicate stable natural conditions during this time. A new cooling episode begins in the region in the second half of MIS 3, which corresponds to a hiatus in the archaeological sequence. A new phase of human activity using stone tools of developed Upper Paleolithic culture (25–21 ka) was documented in the area at the beginning of the MIS 2. The last phase of human occupation of the region took place during the warming climate at 17–14 ka (final Upper Paleolithic). All stages of human occupation of the Shilikty Valley correlate with climate fluctuations of Late Pleistocene.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геоархеология</kwd><kwd>начальный верхний палеолит</kwd><kwd>ОСЛ-датирование</kwd><kwd>палеогеоморфология</kwd><kwd>Шиликтинская долина</kwd><kwd>Центральная Азия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Geoarchaeology</kwd><kwd>Shilikty Valley</kwd><kwd>early Upper Paleolithic</kwd><kwd>OSL dating</kwd><kwd>paleogeomorphology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке РНФ № 21-78-10146 “Верхнепалеолитическая мозаика — культурно-технологическая изменчивость каменных индустрий предгорных зон севера Центральной Азии во второй половине позднего плейстоцена” (полевые работы и абсолютное датирование), геоморфологические исследования выполнены в рамках госзадания географического факультета МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова (№ 121040100323-5 и № 121051100135-0), палеогеографические исследования поддержаны госзаданием ИГ РАН (FMWS-2024-0005</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation № 21-78-10146 “Upper Paleolithic mosaic — cultural and technological variability of stone industries in the foothill zones of northern Central Asia in the second half of the Late Pleistocene” (field work and absolute dating), geomorphological studies were carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Faculty of Geography of Lomonosov Moscow State University (121040100323-5 and 121051100135-0), Paleogeographic studies are supported by the state assignment of the IG RAS (FMWS-2024-0005)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вишняцкий Л.Б. (2008). 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