<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geomorf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геоморфология и палеогеография</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geomorfologiya i Paleogeografiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-1789</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1797</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geomorf-3730</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Палеогеография плейстоцена и голоцена</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ранний голоцен – время формирования лесной зоны в средней полосе Восточно-Европейской равнины (реконструкция по палинологическим данным)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нарышкина</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">naryshkina@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">olgakborisova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>57</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>172</fpage><lpage>192</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нарышкина Н.Н., Борисова О.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нарышкина Н.Н., Борисова О.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Нарышкина Н.Н., Борисова О.К.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3730">https://geomorphology.igras.ru/jour/article/view/3730</self-uri><abstract><p>Основные этапы развития растительности в позднеледниковье и раннем голоцене реконструированы по данным палинологических исследований разреза SP-2 (оз. Селигер) с разрешением повремени менее 80 лет и их сопоставления с данными по 9 разрезам, расположенным на сопредельных территориях. Первый этап формирования лесных сообществ из холодостойких и экологически пластичных пород (ели, сосны и березы) начался в условиях прохладного континентального климата в аллерёде, когда леса занимали наиболее защищенные местообитания в окружении перигляциально-степной растительности. Похолодание в позднем дриасе сопровождалось повышением континентальности и иссушением климата, что привело к сокращению доли лесов. Ведущую роль ели в лесных фитоценозах позднеледниковья можно объяснить наличием многолетней мерзлоты. Новый этап расширения березовых и сосновых лесов был связан с быстрым потеплением на переходе от позднеледниковья к голоцену. Их состав стал более разнообразным при сокращении роли ели. Началось проникновение широколиственных древесных пород в средние широты Восточно-Европейской равнины. Разнообразие пыльцы трав при участии ксерофитов и криофитов указывает на сохранение участков перигляциальной растительности в раннем пребореале. Похолодание около 11.4 тыс. кал. л.н. (т.н. пребореальная осцилляция) на короткое время прервало или замедлило распространение березовых и сосновых лесов и вызвало новое расширение площади пространств, занятых безлесными сообществами. В начале позднего пребореала потепление возобновилось и продолжалось в течение раннего бореала, вызвав новую экспансию березовых и сосновых формаций, расселение ели и внедрение широколиственных пород в состав лесов. Березняки в это время были близки к современным предлесо-степным березовым лесам Южного Урала. Обогащение видового состава лесных, луговых, прибреж но-водных и водных сообществ отражает смягчение континентальности климата. Кратковременное похолодание около 9.3 тыс. л.н. не вызвало существенных изменений в составе растительных сообществ. В позднем бореале залесенность территории достигла максимума при дальнейшем увеличении доли еловых, широколиственных и ольховых лесов в растительном покрове. Описанные изменения отражают теплые климатические условия, снижение континентальности климата и повышение увлажнения в конце раннего голоцена. К этому времени в средней полосе Восточно-Европейской равнины сформировались смешанные широколиственно-хвойные леса, близкие по составу к современным.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>динамика растительности</kwd><kwd>короткопериодные изменения климата</kwd><kwd>аллерёд</kwd><kwd>поздний дриас</kwd><kwd>пребореал</kwd><kwd>бореал</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по теме Государственного задания ИГ РАН № FMWS-2026-0004</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borisova O., Naryshkina N., Panin A. (2024) Short-term climatic oscillations in the central region of the East-European Plain at the beginning of the Holocene based on palynological studies of lacustrine deposits. Quaternary. Vol. 7. Paper 22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisova O., Naryshkina N., Panin A. (2024) Short-term climatic oscillations in the central region of the East-European Plain at the beginning of the Holocene based on palynological studies of lacustrine deposits. Quaternary. Vol. 7. Paper 22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borisova O.K., Naryshkina N.N., Konstantinov E.A., Panin A.V. (2022). Landscape and climate changes in the Preboreal in the Northwestern European Russia. Geomorfologiya. Vol. 53. No. 3. P. 19–28. (in Russ.). http://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428122030051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisova O.K., Naryshkina N.N., Konstantinov E.A., Panin A.V. (2022). Landscape and climate changes in the Preboreal in the Northwestern European Russia. Geomorfologiya. Vol. 53. No. 3. P. 19–28. (in Russ.). http://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428122030051</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fiziko-geograficheskiy atlas mira (Physiographic Atlas of the World) (1964) Moscow: AN SSSR i GUGK SSSR (Publ.). 299 p. (in Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fiziko-geograficheskiy atlas mira (Physiographic Atlas of the World) (1964) Moscow: AN SSSR i GUGK SSSR (Publ.). 299 p. (in Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fleitmann D., Mudelsee M., Burns S.J. et al. (2008) Evidence for wide- spread climatic anomaly at around 9.2 ka before present. Paleoceanography. Vol. 23. PA1102. https://doi.org:10.1029/2007PA001519.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fleitmann D., Mudelsee M., Burns S.J. et al. (2008) Evidence for wide- spread climatic anomaly at around 9.2 ka before present. Paleoceanography. Vol. 23. PA1102. https://doi.org:10.1029/2007PA001519.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grachev A.M., Severinghaus J.P. (2005) A revised +10±4°C magnitude of the abrupt change in Greenland temperature at the Younger Dryas termination using published GISP2 gas isotope data and air thermal diffusion constants. Quat. Sci. Rev. Vol. 24. P. 513–519.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grachev A.M., Severinghaus J.P. (2005) A revised +10±4°C magnitude of the abrupt change in Greenland temperature at the Younger Dryas termination using published GISP2 gas isotope data and air thermal diffusion constants. Quat. Sci. Rev. Vol. 24. P. 513–519.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grichuk V.P. (1961) Fossil floras as a paleontological basis for the stratigraphy of quaternary deposits. In: Rel'yef i stratigrafiya chetvertichnykh otlozheniy severo-zapada Russkoi ravniny. Moscow: AN SSSR (Publ.). P. 25–71 (in Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grichuk V.P. (1961) Fossil floras as a paleontological basis for the stratigraphy of quaternary deposits. In: Rel'yef i stratigrafiya chetvertichnykh otlozheniy severo-zapada Russkoi ravniny. Moscow: AN SSSR (Publ.). P. 25–71 (in Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grichuk V.P. (1982) Vegetation of Europe in Late Pleistocene. In Paleogeografiya Yevropy za posledniye sto tysyach let (Atlas-monografiya). Moscow: Nauka (Publ.). P. 92–109 (in Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grichuk V.P. (1982) Vegetation of Europe in Late Pleistocene. In Paleogeografiya Yevropy za posledniye sto tysyach let (Atlas-monografiya). Moscow: Nauka (Publ.). P. 92–109 (in Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grichuk V.P., Zaklinskaya E.D. (1948). Analiz iskopaemykh pyl’tsy i spor i ego primenenie v paleogeografii (Analysis of fossil pollen and spores and its application in palaeogeography). Moscow: OGIZ (Publ.). 224 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grichuk V.P., Zaklinskaya E.D. (1948). Analiz iskopaemykh pyl’tsy i spor i ego primenenie v paleogeografii (Analysis of fossil pollen and spores and its application in palaeogeography). Moscow: OGIZ (Publ.). 224 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grimm E.C. (1987). CONISS: A FORTRAN 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares. Computers &amp; Geosciences. Vol. 13. P. 13–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grimm E.C. (1987). CONISS: A FORTRAN 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares. Computers &amp; Geosciences. Vol. 13. P. 13–35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grimm E.C. (1990) TILIA and TILIA*GRAPH.PC spreadsheet and graphics software for pollen data. INQUA, Working Group on Data-Handling Methods, Newsletter. Vol. 4. P. 5–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grimm E.C. (1990) TILIA and TILIA*GRAPH.PC spreadsheet and graphics software for pollen data. INQUA, Working Group on Data-Handling Methods, Newsletter. Vol. 4. P. 5–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grimm E.C. (2004) TGView, Version 2.0.2. Springfield: Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grimm E.C. (2004) TGView, Version 2.0.2. Springfield: Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02210-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02210-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khotinski N.A. (1977). Golotsen Severnoi Evrazii (Holocene of the Northern Eurasia). Moscow: Nauka (Publ.). 200 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khotinski N.A. (1977). Golotsen Severnoi Evrazii (Holocene of the Northern Eurasia). Moscow: Nauka (Publ.). 200 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khotinski N.A., Aleshinskaya Z.V., Guman M.A. et al. (1991) A new scheme for the periodization of landscape-climatic changes in the Holocene. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geograficheskaya. Vol. 3. P. 30–42 (in Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khotinski N.A., Aleshinskaya Z.V., Guman M.A. et al. (1991) A new scheme for the periodization of landscape-climatic changes in the Holocene. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geograficheskaya. Vol. 3. P. 30–42 (in Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kobashi T., Severinghaus J., Barnola J.-M. (2008) 4±1.5°C abrupt warming 11,270 yr ago identified from trapped air in Greenland ice. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. Vol. 268. No. 3. P. 397–407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobashi T., Severinghaus J., Barnola J.-M. (2008) 4±1.5°C abrupt warming 11,270 yr ago identified from trapped air in Greenland ice. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. Vol. 268. No. 3. P. 397–407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konstantinov E.A., Panin A.V., Karpukhina N.V. et al. (2021) The riverine past of Lake Seliger. Water Resour. Vol. 48. No. 5. P. 635–645. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807821050110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konstantinov E.A., Panin A.V., Karpukhina N.V. et al. (2021) The riverine past of Lake Seliger. Water Resour. Vol. 48. No. 5. P. 635–645. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807821050110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kremenetski K.V., Borisova O.K., Zelikson E.M. (2000) The Late Glacial and Holocene history of vegetation in the Moscow region. Paleontological J. Vol. 34. Suppl. 1. P. S67–S74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kremenetski K.V., Borisova O.K., Zelikson E.M. (2000) The Late Glacial and Holocene history of vegetation in the Moscow region. Paleontological J. Vol. 34. Suppl. 1. P. S67–S74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lapteva E.G. (2013) Subfossil spore-pollen spectra of modern vegetation of the Southern Urals. Vestnik Bashkirskogo Universiteta. Vol. 18. No. 1. P. 77–81 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapteva E.G. (2013) Subfossil spore-pollen spectra of modern vegetation of the Southern Urals. Vestnik Bashkirskogo Universiteta. Vol. 18. No. 1. P. 77–81 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazei N.G., Novenko E.Yu. (2021) The use of propionic anhydride in the preparation of samples for pollen analysis. Nature Conservation Research. Zapovednaya Nauka. No. 6 (3). P. 110–112 (in Russ.). http://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2021.036</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazei N.G., Novenko E.Yu. (2021) The use of propionic anhydride in the preparation of samples for pollen analysis. Nature Conservation Research. Zapovednaya Nauka. No. 6 (3). P. 110–112 (in Russ.). http://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2021.036</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naryshkina N.N., Borisova O.K., Konstantinov E.A., Panin A.V. (2022) Manifestations of short-term cooling during the Early Holocene in the west of the European Russia (based on data from comprehensive studies of lake sediments). In: Aktual'nyye problemy sovremennoy palinologii: Materialy XV Vserossiyskoy palinologicheskoy konferentsii. Moscow: MGU (Publ.). P. 236–240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naryshkina N.N., Borisova O.K., Konstantinov E.A., Panin A.V. (2022) Manifestations of short-term cooling during the Early Holocene in the west of the European Russia (based on data from comprehensive studies of lake sediments). In: Aktual'nyye problemy sovremennoy palinologii: Materialy XV Vserossiyskoy palinologicheskoy konferentsii. Moscow: MGU (Publ.). P. 236–240.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neustadt M.I. (1957) History of forests and paleogeography of the USSR in the Holocene. Moscow: AN SSSR (Publ.). 404 p. (in Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neustadt M.I. (1957) History of forests and paleogeography of the USSR in the Holocene. Moscow: AN SSSR (Publ.). 404 p. (in Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novenko E., Tsyganov A., Volkova E. et al. (2015) The Holocene palaeoenvironmental history of Central European Russia reconstructed from pollen, plant macrofossil and testate amoeba analyses of the Klukva peatland, Tula region. Quat. Res. Vol. 83. P. 459–468.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novenko E., Tsyganov A., Volkova E. et al. (2015) The Holocene palaeoenvironmental history of Central European Russia reconstructed from pollen, plant macrofossil and testate amoeba analyses of the Klukva peatland, Tula region. Quat. Res. Vol. 83. P. 459–468.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novik A., Punning J.-M., Zernitskaya V. (2010) The development of Belarusian lakes during the Late Glacial and Holocene. Estonian J. Earth Sci. Vol. 59. P. 63–79. https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2010.1.05</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novik A., Punning J.-M., Zernitskaya V. (2010) The development of Belarusian lakes during the Late Glacial and Holocene. Estonian J. Earth Sci. Vol. 59. P. 63–79. https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2010.1.05</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasmussen S.O., Andersen K.K., Svensson A.M. et al. (2006) A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. Vol. 111. D06102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasmussen S.O., Andersen K.K., Svensson A.M. et al. (2006) A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. Vol. 111. D06102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasmussen S.O., Bigler M., Blockley S.P. et al. (2014) A stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the Last Glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice-core records: Refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy. Quat. Sci. Rev. Vol.106. P. 14–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasmussen S.O., Bigler M., Blockley S.P. et al. (2014) A stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the Last Glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice-core records: Refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy. Quat. Sci. Rev. Vol.106. P. 14–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasmussen S.O., Vinther B.M., Clausen H.B., Andersen K.K. (2007) Early Holocene climate oscillations recorded in three Greenland ice cores. Quat. Sci. Rev. 26. Р. 1907–1914.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasmussen S.O., Vinther B.M., Clausen H.B., Andersen K.K. (2007) Early Holocene climate oscillations recorded in three Greenland ice cores. Quat. Sci. Rev. 26. Р. 1907–1914.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rastitel'nost' yevropeyskoy chasti SSSR (Vegetation of the European part of the USSR) (1980) Leningrad: Nauka (Publ.). 429 p. (in Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rastitel'nost' yevropeyskoy chasti SSSR (Vegetation of the European part of the USSR) (1980) Leningrad: Nauka (Publ.). 429 p. (in Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sapelko T., Kalińska E., Kuznetsov D. et al. (2022) Holocene history of the lake and forest island ecosystem at and around Lake Seliger, Valdai Hills (East European Plain, Russia). Int. J. Earth Sci (Geol. Rundsch.). Vol. 111. P. 1947–1960.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sapelko T., Kalińska E., Kuznetsov D. et al. (2022) Holocene history of the lake and forest island ecosystem at and around Lake Seliger, Valdai Hills (East European Plain, Russia). Int. J. Earth Sci (Geol. Rundsch.). Vol. 111. P. 1947–1960.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seppä H., Hicks S. (2006) Integration of modern and past pollen accumulation rate (PAR) records across the arctic tree-line: a method for more precise vegetation reconstructions. Quat. Sci. Rev. Vol. 25. P. 1501–1516.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seppä H., Hicks S. (2006) Integration of modern and past pollen accumulation rate (PAR) records across the arctic tree-line: a method for more precise vegetation reconstructions. Quat. Sci. Rev. Vol. 25. P. 1501–1516.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stančikaitė M., Zernitskaya V., Kluczynska G. et al. (2022) The Lateglacial and Early Holocene vegetation dynamics: New multi-proxy data from the central Belarus. Quat. Int. Vol. 630. P. 121–136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stančikaitė M., Zernitskaya V., Kluczynska G. et al. (2022) The Lateglacial and Early Holocene vegetation dynamics: New multi-proxy data from the central Belarus. Quat. Int. Vol. 630. P. 121–136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stockmarr J. (1971) Tablets with spores used in absolute pollen analysis. Pollen et Spores. Vol. 13. P. 615–621.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stockmarr J. (1971) Tablets with spores used in absolute pollen analysis. Pollen et Spores. Vol. 13. P. 615–621.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarasov P.E., Savelieva L.A., Kobe F. et al. (2022) Lateglacial and Holocene changes in vegetation and human subsistence around Lake Zhizhitskoye, East European midlatitudes, derived from radiocarbon-dated pollen and archaeological records. Quat. Int. Vol. 623. P. 184–197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarasov P.E., Savelieva L.A., Kobe F. et al. (2022) Lateglacial and Holocene changes in vegetation and human subsistence around Lake Zhizhitskoye, East European midlatitudes, derived from radiocarbon-dated pollen and archaeological records. Quat. Int. Vol. 623. P. 184–197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walker M.J.C., Berkelhammer M., Björck S. et al. (2012) Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch: a discussion paper by a Working Group of INTIMATE (Integration of ice-core, marine and terrestrial records) and the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy. J. Quat. Sci. Vol. 27 (7). P. 649–659. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2565</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walker M.J.C., Berkelhammer M., Björck S. et al. (2012) Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch: a discussion paper by a Working Group of INTIMATE (Integration of ice-core, marine and terrestrial records) and the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy. J. Quat. Sci. Vol. 27 (7). P. 649–659. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2565</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wohlfarth B., Lacourse T., Bennike O. et al. (2007) Climatic and environmental changes in north-western Russia between 15,000 and 8000 cal yr BP: a review. Quat. Sci. Rev. Vol. 26. P. 1871–1883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.04.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wohlfarth B., Lacourse T., Bennike O. et al. (2007) Climatic and environmental changes in north-western Russia between 15,000 and 8000 cal yr BP: a review. Quat. Sci. Rev. Vol. 26. P. 1871–1883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.04.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zernitskaya V.P., Zhukhovitskaya A.L., Vlasov B.P. et al. (2001) Ozero Dolgoe (sedimentogenez, stratigrafiya donnykh otlozheniy i etapy razvitiya). Lake Dolgoe (sedimentogenesis, stratigraphy of bottom sediments and stages of development). Minsk: Inst. Geol. Sci. (Publ.). 82 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zernitskaya V.P., Zhukhovitskaya A.L., Vlasov B.P. et al. (2001) Ozero Dolgoe (sedimentogenez, stratigrafiya donnykh otlozheniy i etapy razvitiya). Lake Dolgoe (sedimentogenesis, stratigraphy of bottom sediments and stages of development). Minsk: Inst. Geol. Sci. (Publ.). 82 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
