The separation of surfaces into components is used while carrying out structural geomorphological, paleogeographical, morphometrical, and other investigations. The purpose of separation is the defining of the principal (background) factor in a soatial spreading of the phenomenon and a secondary (residual) factor and their study, if possible, in a pure state. The authors formulate tasks of the separation, suggest analytical and graphoanalytical technique, present a classification of the existing methods of separation of surfaces into components. As an example, considered is the separation into components of deformations of the upper Quaternary geomorphological levels for one of the areas of the North Caspian Region.