FORMATION OF SALT-DOME MORPHOSTRUCTURES IN DIFFERENT REGIONAL SETTINGS

Formation of salt-domes and related landscapes is influence by geodynamic and climatic factors. Three regional models were suggested that present the development stages of salt-dome morphostructures in the mountains of South Iran, the plains of East Texas and the Cisuralian region. It was revealed that the stages of relief formation in salt-dome basins are significantly different in platforms and orogenic belts, primarily due to the fact that the culmination phase of salt extrusion is observed only in mountain areas and is the most evident in the combination with extra-arid conditions (South Iran). Semi-converted morphostructures are characteristic of the regions with humid and semiarid climate, where individual stages of salt-dome morphogenesis are suppressed by the activity of Earth surface processes. To recognize the stages of salt-dome development and to assess the climatic effects on their formation, caprocks (“rock hats”) are of primary importance. Caprock thickness and degree of degradation indicate the total duration of surface erosion of the salt core. It was found that thick caprocks of giant domes in the Caspian lowland were formed under conditions of prolonged erosion and changing humidity. Karstic troughs are characteristic for the roofs of salt structures in the Cis-Urals and East Texas. Rock hats of salt diapirs in humid regions are most severely destroyed.

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