The Valley of the River Geyzernaya (Kamchatka): Hydrothermal Activity and Features of Relief Forming
https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428120020066
Abstract
The observational data on the relief formation processes for a period of more than five decades in the valley of river Geyzernaya are brought together and systematized. The active development of gravitational slope processes is noted, among which rockfalls of lava plateau margins and rockslides in the upper parts of slopes are dominated, and landslides and slips are in the lower ones. It has been established that along with the ongoing deepening of the valley, at the present stage it’s actively widening with the formation of numerous local terraces, which have mainly landslide genesis. The maximum width of the valley is observed in areas of the most intensive hydrothermal activity. The active development of slope processes is facilitated by the impact on the bedrock of highly mineralized thermal waters, which destroy the latter to clay. Large-scale displacements of rocks on the slopes are initiated by rainfall and seismic shocks. Denudation in the river basin proceeds mainly according to the following scheme: 1) displacement of material from the slopes with blocking of the river channel and the formation of a dammed reservoir, 2) breakthrough/descent of the lake with mudflow occurrence. During the period under review, several similar events recorded, as a result of which approximately 24 million m3 of rocks assumed in the valley from its slopes only from 2007 to 2014.
Keywords
Valley of Geyzers,
hydrothermal activity,
thermal waters,
landslide terraces,
dammed lake,
mudflow,
catastrophic processes
Supporting agencies: The article was prepared on the basis of research with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 18-05-00967); the synthesis of materials was carried out in the framework of the State Plan No. 0148-2019-0005.
About the Authors
E. V. Lebedeva
Institute of Geography, RAS
Russian Federation
Moscow
Russian Federation
Moscow
V. M. Sugrobov
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far East Brunch of RAS
Russian Federation
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy
Russian Federation
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy
V. P. Chizhova
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography
Russian Federation
Moscow
Russian Federation
Moscow
A. V. Zavadskaya
Kronotsky Federal Nature Biosphere Reserve
Russian Federation
Yelizovo, Kamchatka
Russian Federation
Yelizovo, Kamchatka
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For citations:
Lebedeva E.V., Sugrobov V.M., Chizhova V.P., Zavadskaya A.V. The Valley of the River Geyzernaya (Kamchatka): Hydrothermal Activity and Features of Relief Forming. Geomorfologiya. 2020;(2):60-73. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428120020066
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