Large tsunami-generated landslide in the Bureysky Reservoir

A. N. Makhinov

doi:10.31857/S0435428120030086

Large tsunami-generated landslide in the Bureysky Reservoir

A. N. Makhinov

https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428120030086

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Abstract

The structure, parameters, causes and consequences of a large landslide with a volume of 24.5 million cubic meters on the steep slope of the Bureysky Reservoir in its narrow mountain region (Khabarovsky Krai) were established. The displacement of the earth masses occurred on December 11, 2018 at an air temperature below minus 30°C. It was revealed that the cause of the landslide was a combination of factors, such as high steepness of the slope, the presence of highly fractured rocks in a zone of tectonic crushing, melting permafrost and the flooding of the soil at the bottom of the slope. As a result of the displacement of the landslide, a dam with a length of 800 m and a height of up to 47 m above the water level was formed, dividing the reservoir into two isolated parts. Heterogeneity of the composition of the deposits of the landslide body, a significant part of which is permafrost, was revealed.
The landslide caused a tsunami wave, which spread along the reservoir for 11 km in in both directions along the Bureya River valley and for 3.2 km along the valley of the Sr. Sandar river located opposite the landslide. The maximum height of the wave splash reached 90 m in the narrow part of the valley in the middle reaches of the river Sr. Sandar. The wave completely destroyed the forest on an area of 300 hectares and washed away slope deposits at an area of about 100 hectares. On the slopes, numerous erosion furrows were formed up to 20 m long and up to 1.2 m deep. Now on a wall of failure collapses and small landslides became more active.
The role of anthropogenic factors in the formation of landslides is the warming effect of water on the frozen rocks at the base of the steep slope of the valley as a result of rising water levels when filling the reservoir Bureyskaya HPP.

Keywords

Bureysky reservoir, landslide, disruption wall, landslide body, morphology, modern processes

About the Author

A. N. Makhinov

Institute of Water and Environmental Problems FEB RAS
Russian Federation
Khabarovsk

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Review

For citations:

Makhinov A.N. Large tsunami-generated landslide in the Bureysky Reservoir. Geomorfologiya. 2020;(3):31-43. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428120030086