Pleistocene runoff channels in the southern part of the Keltma hollow (Kama–Vychegda watershed)

N. N. Nazarov; S. V. Kopytov; I. A. Zhuikova; A. V. Chernov

doi:10.31857/S0435428120040070

Pleistocene runoff channels in the southern part of the Keltma hollow (Kama–Vychegda watershed)

N. N. Nazarov, S. V. Kopytov, I. A. Zhuikova, A. V. Chernov

https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428120040070

Full Text:

PDF (Rus)

Generate QR code

Abstract

The article discusses the origin of runoff channels in the Keltma hollow (Keltma spillway), which is a through valley between the Vychegda and Kama basins. The research conducted using field (GPR survey, cores drilling, radiocarbon, spore-pollen analysis) and remote sensing (interpretation of satellite images, calculation of topographic wetness index) methods that made possible to determine the time and speculate on the causes of their formation. The location of runoff channels on the Kalininian (Early Weichselian, MIS 4–5) lake terrace surface and their traces on the surface of the Kama first terrace limits their age to a period of no more than Ostashkov (Late Weichselian, MIS 2) epoch. The same is indicated by the location of these formations hypsometrically above the South Keltma, Timsher and Pilva valley systems, the formation of which falls on the period after the completion of the LGM 18–13 ka. The probability of relict landforms formation under the periglacial conditions of the Ostashkov stage is indirectly confirmed by the results of pollen studies from the in-fill of the largest channel – the so called Large Terrace Hollow. Scour formation in the aeolian plume body is proposed as the most likely model for the runoff channels formation in the Keltma hollow. The aeolian sand plume served as a dam of a reservoir filled with icedammed waters from the Vychegda basin.

Keywords

Keltma hollow, spillway, Upper Kama basin, radiocarbon dating, Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) method, pollen analysis, Topographic Wetness Index

About the Authors

N. N. Nazarov

Perm State University
Russian Federation
Perm

S. V. Kopytov

Perm State University
Russian Federation
Perm

I. A. Zhuikova

Vyatka State University
Russian Federation
Kirov

A. V. Chernov

Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Faculty of Geography

Moscow

References

1. Aprodov V.A. O rechnoi seti v srednei chasti zapadnogo sklona Urala i Priural’ya (About the River Network in the Middle of the Western slope of the Urals and the Pre-Urals). Materialy po geomorfologii Urala. M.–L.: Izd-vo Min. geol. SSSR (Publ.), 1948. P. 219–224. (in Russ.)

2. Krasnov I.I. Chetvertichnye otlozheniya i geomorfologiya Kamsko-Pechorsko-Vychegodskogo vodorazdela i prilegayushchikh territorii (Quaternary Deposits and Geomorphology of the Kama-PechoraVychegda Watershed and Adjacent Territories). Materialy po geomorfologii Urala. M.–L.: Izd-vo Min. geol. SSSR (Publ.), 1948. P. 47–88. (in Russ.)

3. Yakovlev S.A. Osnovy geologii chetvertichnykh otlozhenii Russkoi ravniny (Basics of the Quaternary Geology of the Russian Plain). L.: VSEGEI (Publ.), 1956. 314 p. (in Russ.)

4. Goretsky G.I. Allyuvii velikikh antropogenovykh prarek Russkoyi ravniny (Alluviums of the Great Antropogenic Pra-Rivers of the Russian Plain. Pra-Rivers of Kama Basin). M.: Nauka (Publ.), 1964. 416 p. (in Russ.)

5. Krapivner R.B. Problema soedineniya basseinov Kamy, Vychegdy i Pechory v chetvertichnoe vremya i periglyatsial’nye otlozheniya basseina Kamy (The Problem of the Connection of the Kama, Vychegda and Pechora Basins in Quaternary and Periglacial Sediments of the Kama Basin). Byull. MOIP. Otd. geologii. 1961. T. XXXVI (2). P. 81–101. (in Russ.)

6. Kvasov D.D. Pozdnechetvertichnaya istoriya krupnykh ozer i vnutrennikh morei Vostochnoyi Evropy (Late Quaternary History of Large Lakes and Inland Seas of Eastern Europe). L.: Nauka (Publ.), 1975. 278 p. (in Russ.)

7. Volkov I.A. and Kaz’min S.P. Stok vod poslednego oledeneniya Severa Evrazii (The Water Runoff During the Last Glaciation of Northern Eurasia). Geografiya i prirodnye resursy. (Geography and Natural Resources). No. 4. P. 5–10. (in Russ.)

8. Grosswald M.G. Oledenenie Russkogo Severa i Severo-Vostoka v epokhu poslednego velikogo pokholodaniya (Ice Sheets in the Russian North and North-East During the last Great Chill). Materialy glyatsiologicheskikh issledovanii. M.: Nauka (Publ.), 2009. Vol. 106. 152 p. (in Russ.)

9. Lysa A., Jensen M.A., Larsen E., Fredin O., and Demidov I.N. Ice-distal Landscape and Sediment Signatures Evidencing Damming and Drainage of Large Pro-glacial Lakes, Northwest Russia. Boreas. 2011. Vol. 40. P. 481–497.

10. Lysa A., Larsen E., Buylaert J.-P., Fredin O., Jensen M., and Kuznetsov D. Late Pleistocene Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Environments of the Severnaya Dvina-Vychegda Region in Northwestern Russia. Boreas. 2014. Vol. 43. P. 759–779.

11. Lavrov A.S. and Potapenko L.M. Neopleistotsen Pechorskoi nizmennosti i Zapadnogo Pritiman’ya (stratigrafiya, paleogeografiya, khronologiya). (Neopleistocene of Pechora Lowland and West Timan Region (Stratigraphy, Paleogeography, Chronology). M.: Mozhaiskii poligraficheskii kombinat (Publ.), 2012. 191 p. (in Russ.)

12. Nazarov N.N. Pleistotsenovye perestroiki rechnykh rusel i sovremennoe razvitie poimenno-ruslovykh kompleksov verkhnei Kamy (Pleistocene Reorganization and Recent Development of River Channels in the Upper Kama River Basin). Geomorfologiya (Geomorphology RAS). 2017. No. 3. P. 88–100. (in Russ.)

13. Nazarov N.N., Kopytov S.V., Zhuikova I.A., and Chernov A.V. The History of the Kama-Keltma Lowland Channel Systems Formation in the Late Pleistocene. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. Vol. 321(1). 012023.

14. Maslennikova O. and Mangerud J. Where was the Outlet of the Ice-dammed Lake Komi, Northern Russia? Global and Planetary Change. 2001. Vol. 31. P. 337–345.

15. Mangerud J., Jacobsson M., Alexanderson H., Astakhov V., Clarke G.C.K., Henriksen M., Hjort C., Krinnerm G., Lunkkja J.-P., Moller P., Murray A., Nikolskaya O., Saarnisto M., and Svendsen J.I. Ice-dammed Lakes and Rerouting of the Drainage of Northern Eurasia during the Last Glaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2004. Vol. 23. P. 1313–1332.

16. Svendsen J.I., Alexanderson H., Astakhov V.I., Demidov I., Dowdeswell J.A., Funder S., Gataullin V., Henriksen M., Hjort C., Houmark-Nielsen M., Hubberten H.W., Ingolfsson O., Jakobsson M., Kjær K.H., Larsen E., Lokrantz H., Lunkka J.-P., Lysa A., Mangerud J., Matiouchkov A., Murray A., Moller P., Niessen F., Nikolskaya O., Polyak L., Saarnisto M., Siegert C., Siegert M., Spielhagen R., and Stein R. Late Quaternary Ice Sheet History of Northern Eurasia. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2004. Vol. 23. P. 1229–1271.

17. Panin A.V., Astakhov V.I., Lotsari E., Komatsu G., Lang J., and Winsemann J. Middle and Late Quaternary Glacial Lake-outburst Floods, Drainage Diversions and Reorganization of Fluvial Systems in Northwestern Eurasia. Earth-Science Reviews. 2020. Vol. 201. 103069.

18. Sidorchuk A., Borisova O., Kovalyukh N., and Panin A. Paleogidrologiya nizhnei Vychegdy v pozdnelednikov’e i golotsene (Palaeohydrology of the Lower Vychegda River in the Late Glacial and Holocene). Vestnik Mosk. un-ta. Ser. 5. Geografiya. 1999. No. 5. P. 34–41. (in Russ.)

19. Zaretskaya N.E., Panin A.V., Chernov A.V., and Golubeva Y.V. Sedimentatsionnye obstanovki i geokhronologiya perekhoda ot pozdnego pleistotsena k golotsenu v doline r. Vychegda (Sedimentation Settings and the Late Pleistocene-Holocene Geochronology in the Vychegda River Valley). DAN (Doklady Earth Sciences). 2014. T. 455. No. 1. P. 52–57. (in Russ.)

20. Zaretskaya N.E., Panin A.V., and Karpukhina N.V. The SIS Limits and Related Proglacial Events in the Severnaya Dvina Basin, Northwestern Russia: Review and New Data. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland. 2018. Vol. 90. No. 2. P. 301–313.

21. Zaretskaya N.E., Korsakova O.P., and Panin A.V. MIS 3 na severo-vostoke Evropy: geokhronologiya i sobytiinost' (Marine Isotopic Stage 3 in Northeastern Europe: Geochronology and Events). Geologiya i geofizika (Geology and Geophysics). 2019. T. 60. No. 8. P. 1153–1170. (in Russ.)

22. Nazarov N.N. and Kopytov S.V. Ispol’zovanie dannykh distantsionnogo zondirovaniya v izuchenii perestroek rechnoi seti (na primere verkhnei Kamy) The use of remote sensing data in the study of river network reorganization (by example of the Upper Kama). Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa. 2019. T. 16. No. 1. P. 105–117. (in Russ.)

23. Beven K.J. and Kirkby M.J. A Physically-based Variable Contributing Area Model of Basin Hydrology. Hydrological Science. 1979. Vol. 24. P. 43–69.

24. Moore I.D., Grayson R.B., and Ladson A.R. Digital Terrain Modelling: A Review of Hydrological, Geomorphological and Biological Applications. Hydrological Processes. 1991. Vol. 5. P. 3–30.

25. Florinsky I.V. Digital Terrain Analysis in Soil Science and Geology. 2nd revised edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2016. 486 p.

26. Grichuk V.P. Metodika obrabotki osadochnykh porod, bednykh organicheskimi ostatkami, dlya tselei pyl’tsevogo analiza (Poor Sediments Treatment Methods in Organic Remains for the Pollen Analysis). Problemy fizicheskoi geografii. 1940. Vol. 8. P. 53–58. (in Russ.)

27. Grimm E.C. TILIA and TILIA GRAPH.PC spreadsheet and graphics software for pollen data. INQUA, Working Group on Data-Handling Methods. Newsletter. 1990. No. 4. P. 5–7.

28. Starovoytov A.V. Interpretatsiya georadiolokatsionnykh dannykh. Uch. posobie. (The GPR Data Interpretation). M.: Izd-vo MGU (Publ.), 2008. 192 p.

29. Ryabkov N.V. Drevnie prilednikovye basseiny mezhdurech’ya Kamy, Pechory, Vychegdy i ikh relikty (Ancient Glacial Basins Between the Kama, Pechora, Vychegda and Their Relicts). Bulleten Komissii po izucheniyu chetvertichnogo perioda (Bulletin of commission for study of the Quaternary). Vol. 45. M.: Nauka (Publ.), 1976. P. 94–105. (in Russ.)

30. Panin A. and Matlakhova E. Fluvial Chronology in the East European Plain over the last 20ka and its Palaeohydrological Implications. Catena. 2015. Vol. 130. P. 46–61.

31. Sidorchuk A.Y. and Panin A.V. Geomorfologicheskie podkhody k otsenke velichiny rechnogo stoka v geologicheskom proshlom (st. 2. Gidravlicheskie metody rekonstruktsii raskhodov paleorek) (Geomorphological Approach to the River Runoff Evaluation in the Geological Past (Paper 2. Estimation of River Palaeo-discharges Based on Channel Hydraulics). Geomorfologiya (Geomorphology RAS). 2017. No. 2. P. 3–13. (in Russ.)

32. Tricart J. Geomorphologie Dynamique de la Moyenne Vallee du Niger (Soudan). Annales de Geographie. 1959. Vol. 68(368). P. 333–343.

Review

For citations:

Nazarov N.N., Kopytov S.V., Zhuikova I.A., Chernov A.V. Pleistocene runoff channels in the southern part of the Keltma hollow (Kama–Vychegda watershed). Geomorfologiya. 2020;(4):74-88. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428120040070