Use of multi-temporal high resolution space images to analyze the slope processes in the Geysernaya river valley (Kamchatka)

The interpretation of high spatial resolution satellite images (0.5-3 m) of three time slices - 1964, 2009 and 2017 allowed to identify the areas of activation of modern processes of relief formation. The results of the images interpretation were outlines of outcrops, identified by visual analysis of multi-temporal images, by brightness quantization for the panchromatic image of 1964 and calculation of the vegetation index using multispectral images of the last two survey dates. This work showed that the combination of visual interpretation of the original images and the results of their digital processing makes it possible to distinguish areas covered by vegetation of different types and open rock outcrops in the best way, partly even leveling out the differences in illumination of slopes of different steepness. The results were compared with the thermal survey data and verified in the course of geomorphological field studies and UAV surveys.

The methodology for mapping the dynamics of slope processes based on the interpretation of multi-temporal images over a time interval of more than 50 years was tested in two key areas characterized by diverse and different-scale manifestations of exogenous processes. Calculations made on the basis of the interpretation results made it possible to determine that the last two large landslides in 2007 and 2014 sharply reduced the area covered by vegetation: from 70% to 7% and from 60% to 4%, respectively. It was found that in the Northern key site, the proportion of the area with traces of slope processes activation for 53 years increased from 20.9 to 30.2%, in the Southern site it increased from 12 to 30%. Analysis of spatial and temporal distribution of areas of slope processes activation showed that in addition to commonly known triggers, such as heavy rainfall and earthquakes, the influence of the spectrum of endogenous processes on the displacement of material on the slopes is obvious in this area.

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