Formation of the Pre-Volga and Pre-Oka valleys at Gorki Povolzhye

Abstract

Morphology of Pre-Quaternary bedrock erosional surface at the Gorki Povolzhye as well as history of development of the Volga and Oka valleys and their junction area allow to determine Pre-Oka and Lower Pre-Volga to be the single, main ancient river, Pre-Unzha being its main tributary.