Дендроклиматический потенциал стабильных изотопов углерода в целлюлозе годичных колец Pinus sylvestris L. в Ярославской и Костромской областях

Стабильные изотопы углерода в годичных кольцах деревьев могут служить индикатором прошлых климатических и экологических изменений. Однако климатический сигнал, который выражается в этом индикаторе, варьирует в зависимости от региона и вида деревьев. С этой точки зрения, Европейская часть России все еще остается малоизученным регионом, где почти нет исследований зависимости изменений изотопного состава древесины от климатических параметров. В данной работе приводятся первые результаты подобного исследования для живых деревьев сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) в Тверицком бору Ярославля. Было измерено соотношение стабильных изотопов углерода (δC13) в древесной целлюлозе отдельных годичных колец, извлеченных из пяти деревьев, и рассчитаны коэффициенты корреляции δC13 с метеорологическими параметрами за 2010–2020 гг. Показано, что δC13 в древесной целлюлозе имеет значимую взаимосвязь с температурой с мая по сентябрь (r = 0.63, p = 0.037), с осадками с мая по сентябрь (r = –0.77, p = 0.051) и с индексом суровости засухи Палмера с мая по сентябрь (r = –0.65, p = 0.032). Эти результаты являются первым прямым доказательством того, что δC13 в древесной целлюлозе сосны обыкновенной в Ярославле может служить показателем колебаний влажности теплого периода. Для того, чтобы сделать выводы о стабильности климатического сигнала в этом регионе на протяжении всего ХХ века, необходимы дополнительные измерения. Также в статье описываются две новые древесно-кольцевые хронологии, основанные на археологических и архитектурных материалах из Ярославской (1438–2019 гг.) и Костромской (1283–2012 гг.) областей. Согласно полученным результатам о климатической чувствительности δC13 в древесной целлюлозе, эти хронологии могут служить материальной основой для реконструкций влажности годичного разрешения в регионе.

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