On the time of appearance of anatomically modern humans in the northeast of East European Plain and in the Urals (based on data from the Zaozer’e site)
https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428122050121
Abstract
The article discusses the materials of the Palaeolithic site Zaozer’e (35–31 14C kyr BP) situated on the North-East of East European plain in Upper Kama River basin. The age, distinctive features of stone and bone assemblage and the types of personal ornaments unambiguously allow to relate Zaozer’e to the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic. The site’s features incorporate most of the traits which have been interpreted as requisites of cultural model of the anatomically modern human (AMH). The assemblage of Zaozerʼe site has certain similarity to assemblages of the contemporaneous sites of the Kostenki group (Kostenki XVII, layer II and Kostenki XIV, layers IVb), but also yielded some implements resembling elements of the Uluzzian and Protoaurignacien assemblages of Southern and Southwestern Europe. The site’s materials show that modern humans reached the sub-arctic zone of Eastern Europe during the relatively warm interstadial climate epoch ca. 40 cal. kyr practically concurrently with their first appearance in the central part of the East European Plain.
About the Author
P. Yu. Pavlov
Institute of Language, Literature and History, Federal Research Centre Komi Science Centre Urals Division RAS, Syktyvkar
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Belousova N.E. Kamennye industrii nachala verkhnego paleolita Gornogo Altaya (Stone assemblages of the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic in Altai mountains). PhD thesis. Novosibirsk: IAEА (Publ.), 2018. 28 p. (in Russ.)
2. Benazzi S., Arrighi S., Badino F., Bortolini E., Figus C., Lugli F., Marciani G., Oxilia G., Romandini M., Silvestrini S., Boscato P., Cipriani A., Moroni A., Negrino F., Peresani M., Pini R., Ravazzi C., Ronchitelli A., and Spinapolice E. Peopling dynamics in the Mediterranean area between 45 and 39 ky ago: State of art and new data. Quaternary International. 2020. Vol. 551. P. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.029
3. Chabay V.P. Srednii paleolit Kryma. (The Middle Palaeolithic of Crimea). Simferopol: Shliakh (Publ.), 2004. 304 p. (in Russ.)
4. Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V., and Kozlikin M.B. Who were Denisovian? Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia. 2020. Vol. 48. No. 3. P. 3–32. (in Russ.)
5. Dinnis R., Bessudnov A., Reynolds N., Deviese T., Pate A., Sablin M., Sinitsyn A., and Higham T. New data for the Early Upper Palaeolithic of Kostenki (Russia). Journal of Human Evolution. 2019. Vol. 127. P. 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.11.012
6. Fu Q., Posth C., Hajdinjak M., Petr M., Mallick S., Fernandes D., Furtwängler A., Haak W., Meyer M., Mittnik A., Nickel B., Peltzer F., Rohland R., Slon V., Talamo S., Lazaridis I., Lipson M., Mathieson I., Schiffels S., Skoglund P., Derevianko A., Drozdov N., Slavinsky V., Tsybankov A., Cremonesi R-G., Mallegni F., Gély B., Vacca E., González Morales M., Straus L-G., Neugebauer-Maresch C., Teschler-Nicola M., Constantin S., Moldovan O-T, Benazzi S., Peresani M., Coppola D., Lari M., Ricci S., Ronchitelli A., Valentin F., Thevenet C., Wehrberger K., Grigorescu D., Rougier H., Crevecoeur I., Flas D., Semal P., Mannino M.A., Cupillard C., Bocherens H., Conard N., Harvati R., Moi seyev V., Drucker D.G., Svoboda J., Richards M.P., Caramelli D., Pinhasi R., Kelso J., Patterson N., Krause J., Pääbo S., and Reich D. The genetic history of Ice Age Europe. Nature. 2016. Vol. 534 (7606). P. 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17993
7. Gribchenko Yu.N. Environments of the Northeastern East European Plain at the time of the initial human colonization. Human Colonizationof the Arctic: The Interaction Between Early Migration and the Paleoenvironment. Moscow: Academic Press (Publ.), 2017. P. 105– 136. (in Russ.)
8. Gribchenko Yu.N. Lithology and Stratigraphy of loess-soil series and cultural layers of Late Palaeolithic campsites in Eastern Europe. Quaternary International. 2006. Vol. 152–153. P. 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2005.12.006
9. Hajdinjak M., Mafessoni F., Skov L., Vernot B., Hübner A., Fu Q., Esse E., Nagel S., Nickel B., Richter J., Moldovan O-T., Constantin S., Endarova E., Zahariev N., Spasov R., Welker F., Smith G.M., Sinet-Mathiot V., Paskulin L., Fewlass H., Talamo S., Rezek Z., Sirakova S., Sirakov N., McPherron Sh., Tsanova T., Hublin J.-J., Peter B., Meyer M., Skoglund P., Kelso J., and Pääbo S. Initial Upper Palaeolithic humans in Europe had recent Neanderthal ancestry. Nature. 2021. Vol. 592. P. 253– 257. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03335-3
10. Hoffecker J. The early Upper Paleolithic of Eastern Europe reconsidered. Evolutionary Anthropology. 2011. Vol. 20. P. 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.20284
11. Hoffecker J. The spread of modern humans in Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). 2009. Vol. 106. No. 38. P. 16040–16045. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.090344610
12. Hublin J.-J. The modern human colonization of western Eurasia: when and where? Quaternary Science Review. 2015. Vol. 118. No. 1. P. 194–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.011
13. Hublin J., Sirakov N., Aldeias V., Bailey S., Bard E., Delvigne V., Endarova E., Fagault Y., Fewlass H., Hajdinjak M., Kromer B., Krumov I., Marreiros J., Martisius N.L., Paskulin L., Sinet-Mathiot V., Meyer M., Pääbo S., Popov V., Rezek Z., Sirakova S., Skinner M.M., Smith G.M., Spasov R., Talamo S., Tuna T., Wacker L., Welker F., Wilcke A., Zahariev N., McPherron S.P., and Tsenka Tsanova T. Initial Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria. Nature. 2020. Vol. 581. P. 299–302. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2259-z
14. Kanivets V.I. Paleolit krainego severo-vostoka Evropy (The Palaeolithic of North-Eastern Europe). Moscow: Nauka (Publ.), 1976. 98 p. (in Russ.)
15. Moroni A., Ronchitelli A., Arrighi S., Aureli D., Bailey S., Boscato P., Boschin F., Capecchi G., Crezzini J., Douka K., Marciani G., Panetta D., Ranaldo F., Ricci S., Scaramucci S., Spagnolo V., and Benazzi S. The Uluzzian in the mirror. Journal of Anthropological Sciences. 2018. Vol. 96. P. 125–160.
16. Pavlov P. On the human occupation of the northeast of East European plain and the Urals at the beginning of Upper Palaeolithic (MIS 3). Academia Letters. 2021. Article 2077. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL2077.
17. Pavlov P.Yu. On Initial inhabitation of the Northern Urals. Urals Histоrical Journal. 2015. Vol. 47. No. 2 P. 50–60. (in Russ.).
18. Pavlov P.Yu. The Palaeolithic of Nort-Eastern Europe: new data. Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia. 2008. Vol. 33. No. 1. P. 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeae.2008.04.014
19. Pavlov P.Yu. Zaozer’e: an early Upper Paleolithic site in the European Northeast. Rossiiskaya arkheologia (Russian Archaeology). 2009. No. 1. P. 5–17. (in Russ.)
20. Pavlov P., Roebroeks W., and Svendsen J-I. The Pleistocene Colonization of Northeastern Europe: A Report on Recent Research. Journal of Human Evolution. 2004. Vol. 47. No. 1–2. P. 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.002
21. Pitulko V.V., Nikolsky P.A., Girya E.Yu., Basilyan A.E., Tumskoy V.E., Koulakov S.A., Astakhov S.N., Pavlova E.Yu., and Anisimov M.A. The Yana RHS Site: Humans in the Arctic Before the Last Glacial Maximum. Science. 2004. No. 303. P. 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.108521
22. Silaev V.I., Shanina S.N., Smoleva I.V., Kiseliova D.V., Cheredinchenko N.V., Khazov A.F., Tumanova E.A., and Pavlov P.Yu. Opyt ispol’zovania mineralogo-geokhimicheskikh svoistv kostnykh ostatkov dlya rekonstruktsii sredy obitaniya na paleoliticheskoi stoyanke Zaozer’e (Srednii Ural). (Testing the use of mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of fossil bone remains as a tool for reconstructing palaeolandscapes at the Paleolithic site of Zaozer’e (Middle Urals). Pervobytnaya arkheoogia. Journal mezhdistsiplinarnykh issledovanii (Prehistoric Archaeology. Journal of Inerdisciplinary Research). 2019. No. 2. P. 35–77. (in Russ.)
23. Stefanski D. The Early Upper Palaeolithic assemblage of arch-backed points from Kraków-Zwierzyniec site 1. Multas per gentes et multa per saecula. Amici magistro et collegae suo Ioanni Christopho Kozłowski dedicant (Krakow: Jagellonian Univ. Press). 2018. P. 63–70.
24. Stepanova K., Maliutina А.А., Girya Е.Yu., and Bessudnov A.A. Personal ornaments of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic sites in Kostenki: raw material selection and technology of processing. Proc. of VI (XXII) Russian Archaeological Congress in Samara. Vol . I. Samarа. 2020. P. 88–90. (in Russ.)
25. Svendsen J-I., Heggen H.P., Hufthammer A-K., Mangerud J., Pavlov P., and W. Roebroeks. Geo-archaeological investigations of Palaeolithic sites along the Ural Mountains – On the northern presence of humans during the last Ice Age. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2010. Vol. 29. No. 23–24. P. 3138–3156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.043
26. Vanhaeren M. and D’Errico F. Aurignacian ethno-linguistic geography of Europe revealed by personal ornaments. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2006. Vol. 33. No. 8. P. 1105–1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2005.11.017
27. Villa P., Pollarolo L., Conforti J., Marra F., Biagioni C., Degano I., Lucejko J.J., Tozzi C., Pennacchioni M., Zanchetta G., Nicosia C., Martini M., Sibilia E., and Panzeri L. From Neandertals to modern humans: new data on the Uluzzian. PLoS ONE. 2018. Vol. 13. No. 5. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196786
Review
For citations:
Pavlov P.Yu. On the time of appearance of anatomically modern humans in the northeast of East European Plain and in the Urals (based on data from the Zaozer’e site). Geomorfologiya. 2022;53(5):60-68. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428122050121
Views:
143
Email this article 