Solid runoff assessment of Moscow territor
https://doi.org/10.31857/S294917892401004
EDN: IRSJOG
Abstract
Over half of the existing river valleys and gullies on the territory of Moscow (within the Moscow Ring Road) for the XVIII–XX centuries were buried because of land development. Along with this, a network of storm-water drains (underground pipes) was built with an average density of 6.9 km/km2. Now the impermeable surfaces (roofs of buildings, sidewalks, roads etc.) cover 50% of total Moscow territory. Surface runoff, including soil, suspended and dissolve loads now enters remaining streams and ponds through storm-water network. It has been estimated, that on average the annual solid runoff from the surface area of 880 km2 is about 160–250 m3/km2 (or 2.6–4 ton/ha per year). About 100 m3/km2 of sediment per year is being washed off from flat surfaces (e.g. fluvial terraces) with amplitudes of less than 6–7 m. The reason of increase sedimentation and dissolved substances in runoff is a poor maintained storm-water network, extensive urban development, and intensification of aeolian transit from construction sites. The total quantity of particulate matter (suspended or bedload) coming from the storm-water drains lead to an explosive increase in sediment runoff exceeding the transporting capacity of the preserved rivers. The potential of the Moskva River to remove the increased runoff of sediments and pollutants has now been completely exhausted.
Keywords
Supporting agencies: The work was carried out under the State Research Task № 121040100323-5 “Evolution of the natural environment in the Cenozoic, relief dynamics, geomorphological hazards and risks of nature management” in the Department of geomorphology and paleogeography (Lomonosov Moscow State University) and under the Russian Geographical Society (project № 23/2022-Р “Relief of New Moscow: resources and risks of land use”)
About the Authors
V. A. Nekhodtsev
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Moscow, Russia; Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
G. D. Emdin
ITMO University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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For citations:
Nekhodtsev V.A., Emdin G.D. Solid runoff assessment of Moscow territor. Geomorfologiya i Paleogeografiya. 2024;55(1):40-51. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S294917892401004. EDN: IRSJOG
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