Relic cryogenic microrelief of the Zavolzhye-Urals Region

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the microrelief of the Zavolzhye-Urals region on the elevated erosion-denudation surfaces of the East European Plain (Bugulminsko-Belebeevskaya Upland, Obshchy Syrt and the Subural plateau), denudation basement plains of the southern Trans-Urals (Uralo-Tobolsk plateau) and low mountains of the Southern Urals. The leading role of relict cryogenic processes in its formation is assumed. The morphological and morphometric indicators of the relict permafrost relief (polygonal-block; longitudinal-strip (delley); merged-polygonal and reduced; hilly-depressions microrelief, etc.) are described, and new types of relict cryogenic microrelief (RCM) for the Zavolzhye-Urals region are established and characterized for the first time. The uniqueness of the paleocryogenic genesis of landscape complexes to the steppe zone is confirmed. In drained areas composed of Upper Cretaceous rocks, the microrelief is represented by “chalk polygons”; in areas composed of dispersed rocks – “tufurs”; on Trans-Ural variegated weathering crusts of loamy-clayey composition – “palsa”, on gypsisol- hilly-depressions forms. For the first time in the steppe zone, beaded streams forms have been identified as a type of relict cryogenic relief. The connection has been established between areas with various types of paleocryogenic microrelief and modern relief, geomorphological position and composition of surface sediments. The result of this research was the map-scheme “Relict cryogenic microrelief of the Zavolzhye-Urals region” on a scale of 1:2 500 000.

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