Geomorphological approach to the river runoff evaluation in the geological past (Part 4. Sediment particle size analysis for the assessment of paleo-flow velocity)
https://doi.org/10.7868/S0435428118030045
Abstract
The texture and structure of the alluvial deposits are the reflection of the dynamics of the river flow. The texture of the modern river alluvium is used as a measure of the velocity field in the river channel. The formulas for the calculation of the critical flow rate for the conditions of the beginning of the movement or the beginning of the deposition of particles of varying size are used for this purpose. Significant development of the theory and experimental verification of such formulas gives an opportunity for reconstruction paleoflow velocity by measuring the size of particles in alluvial deposits. This procedure is supported by nonlinearity of the relationship between critical velocities and diameters of the soil particles. A wide range of particle sizes is transformed into rather narrow range of flow rates, necessary for movement of these particles. As the result, with the correct assessment of the particular dynamic conditions of formation of the alluvial strata and efficient selection of alluvium samples, the average paleoflow rate and (in some cases) the intensity of its turbulence can be estimated.
The methods of calculating the critical velocities provide a range of values, typically ±20–30% of the mean. Another significant limitation of this method is the lack of ability to determine other flow and channel characteristics by the use of the size of alluvium. The flow depth, which is required for correct calculation of the velocity, must be determined from the other characteristics, such as the structure of the alluvium, geometry of paleochannels, and etc. Therefore an evaluation of flow rate by alluvium size is usually complements and refines paleogeomorphological and paleohydrological reconstructions, performed by other methods.
Keywords
Supporting agencies: The work was carried out on the subject “Evolution and transformation of erosionchannel systems in response to natural environment changing and anthropogenic load” (A. Yu. Sidorchuk) and with the support of the RFBR (project 150505284) (A.V. Panin).
About the Authors
A. Yu. Sidorchuk
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography
A. V. Panin
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Moscow; Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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Review
For citations:
Sidorchuk A.Yu., Panin A.V. Geomorphological approach to the river runoff evaluation in the geological past (Part 4. Sediment particle size analysis for the assessment of paleo-flow velocity). Geomorfologiya. 2018;(3):40-51. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.7868/S0435428118030045
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