Stages of the Khoito-Aga first river terrace development near Upper Paleolitic archaeological site Sakhyurta–1 (Transbaikal region)
https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428121030111
Abstract
Investigation of the 8–10 m high river terrace structure and composition was completed at the archaeological site in the lower Khoito-Aga river. Absolute age of the terrace was estimated using radiocarbon dates of alluvium and buried soils. The results were compared with regional studies of low terraces in the Zabaikalie. The terrace deposits formation stages during the second half of Late Pleistocene and Holocene were identified. The covering genetic complex sediments (2 m) include the Hobdori draw colluvial fan deposits, aeolian, aeolian– deluvial sands and sandy loams, soils. The Сhernozem soil (0.2 m) is recorded in the excavation top. According to archaeological data, it formed during the last ~4.5 kyr. At depths of 100–200 cm, an Early MIS 2 pedocomplex with two humic soil horizons (were dated ~23.4–21.3 kyr BP) was excavated. Soils formed during warm and moist climate stages when rates of exogenous processes were decreased. The completion of alluvium accumulation and terrace escarpment formation were dated ~30–29 kyr BP (MIS 3 and 2 boundary). Interlayed fine–grained and different–grained sands with grus, rubble, gravel alluvial (1.5 m) sediments separated by Late MIS 3 cultural horizons (0.15–0.25 m) with an age of ~ 32.5–31.7 kyr. Within archaeological site Sakhyurta–1 five cultural horizons (CH) were identified with 494 artifacts in total. The cultural horizons 1 and 2 associated with modern soil. The collection of artifacts corresponds to the archaeological sites of the Late Neolithic–Bronze age for Transbaikalia area (4.5–2 kyr BP). Cultural horizon 3 corresponds to the Early MIS 2 pedocomplex (23.4–21.3). СH 4 correlates with terrace alluvium top (31.7–30). СH 5 is associated with alluvial buried soil was dated ~32.5–31.7 kyr BP.
Supporting agencies: The study was funded by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, No. 17-29-05064 (sediment dating), grant of Transbaikal State University No. 292 – GR (field studies).
About the Authors
Yu. V. Ryzhov
Institute of the Earth,s Crust SB RAS; Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Irkutsk
P. V. Moroz
Transbaikal State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Chita
M. V. Smirnov
Institute of the Earth,s Crust SB RAS; Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Irkutsk
References
1. Bazarov D.–D.B. Chetvertichnye otlozheniya i osnovnye etapy razvitiya rel’efa Selenginskogo srednegor’ya (Quaternary deposits and the main relief stages development of the Selenga midland). Ulan-Ude: Byryat Publ. House (Publ.), 1968. 156 p. (in Russ.)
2. Bazarov D.–D. B., Konstantinov M.V., Imetkhenov A.B., Bazarova L.D., and Savinova V.V. Geologiya i kul’tura drevnikh poselenii Zapadnogo Zabaikal’ya (Geology and culture of the Western Trabsbaikalia ancient settlements). S.M. Tseitlin and I.V. Aseev (Eds.). Novosibirsk: Nauka (Publ.), 1982. 164 p. (in Russ.)
3. Konstantinov M.V. Kamennyi vek vostochnogo regiona Baikal’skoi Azii (Stone age of eastern region of Baikal Asia). Ulan-Ude, Chita. 1994. 180 p. (in Russ.)
4. Karasev V.V. Kainozoi Zabaikal’ya (Ceniziic of the Transbaikalia). Chita. 2002. 128 p. (in Russ.)
5. Kolomiets V.L. Sedimentogenez pleistotsenovogo akval’nogo kompleksa i usloviya formirovaniya nerudnogo syr’ya sukhodol’nykh vpadin Baikal’skoi riftovoi zony (Sedimentogenesis of the Pleistocene aquatic complex and conditions for the formation of nonmetallic raw materials of the Baikal rift zone basins). PhD thesis. Irkutsk: IEC SB RAS (Publ.), 2010. 18 p. (in Russ.)
6. Enikeev F.I. Rechnye terrasy amurskogo okruga stoka (Yugo-Vostochnoe Zabaikal’e) (River terraces of the Amur runoff district (Southeast Transbaikalia)). Fundamental’nye problemy kvartera, itogi izucheniya i osnovnye napravleniya dal’neishikh issledovanii. Materialy IX Vserossiyskogo soveshchaniya po izucheniyu chetvertichnogo perioda (Fundamental problems of the Quarter, the results of the study and the main directions of further researches. Materials of the IX All–Russian meeting on the study of the Quaternary). Irkutsk: IG SB RAS (Publ.), 2015. P. 147–149. (in Russ.)
7. Konstantinov M.V., Ekimova L.V., and Vereshchagin S.B. Taezhnyi Chikoi na rubezhe kamnya i bronzy (Taiga Chikoi at the frontier of stone and bronze). Chita: Transbaikal SU Publ. (Publ.), 2016. 247 p. (in Russ.)
8. Stuiver M., Reimer P.J., and Reimer R.W. 2020. CALIB 8.2 [WWW program] at http://calib.org, accessed 2020-10-14.
9. Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta Rossiiskoi federatsii. Masshtab 1:1000000 (tret’e pokolenie). List M50 – Borzya. Ob"yasnitel’naya zapiska. (State geological map of Russian Federation. Scale 1:1000000 (third generation). Series Aldano-Transbaikalia. Sheet M–50 Borzya. Explanatory letter). Saint Peterburg: Cartographic factory VSEGEI (Publ.), 2012. 439 p. (in Russ.)
10. Malaya entsiklopediya Zabaikal’ya: prirodnoe nasledie (Small Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia: Natural Heritage). R.F. Geniatulin (Ed.). Novosibirsk: Nauka (Publ.), 2009. 698 p. (in Russ.)
11. Bazarova V.B., Lyashchevskaya M.S., and Orlova L.A. Paleoklimaticheskie sobytiya pozdnego golotsena v poimennykh otlozheniyakh malykh rek Yugo-Vostochnogo Zabaikal’ya (Paleoclimatic events of the Late Holocene in floodplain deposits of small rivers of Southeastern Transbaikalia). Geography and Natural Resources. 2014. Vol. 35. No. 2. P. 165–172. (in Russ.)
12. Yamskikh A.F. Osadkonakoplenie i terrasoobrazovanie v rechnykh dolinakh Yuzhnoi Sibiri (Sedimentation and terrace formation in river valleys of Southern Siberia). Krasnoyarsk: KSPI (Publ.), 1993. 226 p. (in Russ.)
13. Maloletko A.M. Metody paleogeograficheskikh issledovanii. Kurs lektsii (Methods of paleogeographic research / lecture course). Tomsk: TSU Publ. house (Publ.), 2010. 100 p.
14. Kind N.V. Geokhronologiya pozdnego antropogena po izotopnym dannym (Geochronology of the Late Anthropogen according to isotopic data). Moscow: Nauka (Publ.), 1974. 255 p. (in Russ.)
15. Rasmussen O., Bigler M., Blockley S.P., Blunier T., Buchardt S.L., Clausen H.B., Cvijanovic I., Dahl-Jensen D., Johnsen S.J., Fischer H., Gkinis V., Guillevic M., Hoek W.Z., Lowe J.J., Pedro J.B., Popp T., Seierstad I.K., Steffensen J.P., Svensson A.M., Vallelonga P., Vinther B.M., Walker M.J.C., Wheatley J.J., and Winstrup M. A stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the Last Glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice–core records: refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2014. Vol. 106. P. 14–28.
16. Zykina V.S. and Zykin V.S. Lessovo-pochvennaya posledovatel’nost' i evolyutsiya prirodnoi sredy i klimata Zapadnoi Sibiri v pleistotsene (Loess-soil sequence and environment and climate evolution of West Siberia in Pleistocene). Novosibirsk: GEO Academic publishing house (Publ.), 2012. 477 p. (in Russ.)
17. Vorob’eva G.A. Pochva kak letopis' prirodnykh sobytii Pribaikal’ya: problemy evolyutsii i klassifikatsii pochv (Soil as natural events chronicle in the Baikal region: problems of soil evolution and classification). Irkutsk: State University Press (Publ.), 2010. 205 p. (in Russ.)
18. Sycheva S.A. Bryanskaya paleopochva na Srednerusskoi vozvyshennosti:14 С vozrast, dlitel’nost' i istoriya razvitiya (Bryansk paleosol on the Central Russian Upland:14 С age, duration and history of development). Byulleten’ komissii po izucheniyu chetvertichnogo perioda (Bulletin of the Commission for the Study of the Quaternary Period). 2015. No. 74. P. 53–68. (in Russ.)
19. Ryzhov Yu.V., Kobylkin D.V., Golubtsov V.A., Konstantinov M.V., Vikulova N.O., and Filatov E.A. Etapy formirovaniya otlozhenii pokrovnogo kompleksa vysokikh terras reki Chikoi (Ust’-Menzinskii geoarkheologicheskii raion) v pozdnem pleistotsene i golotsene (Formation stages of covering deposition of Chicoi river high terraces (Ust-Menza geoarchaeological district) in Late Pleistocee and Holocene. Eurasia in the Cenozoic. Stratigraphy. Paleoecology. Cultures). Irkutsk: Irkutsk SU Publ. (Publ.), 2015. No. 4. P. 170–182. (in Russ.)
20. Gugalinskaya L.A., Alifanov V.M., and Ovchinnikov A.Yu. Pedostratigrafiya pozdnevaldayskikh pokrovnykh lessovidnykh suglinkov v kachestve pochvoobrazuyushchikh porod golotsenovykh pochv v tsentre Vostochno-Evropeyskoy ravniny (Pedostratigraphy of Late Valdai cover loess-like loams as parent rocks of Holocene soils in the center of the East European Plain). Byulleten’ komissii po izucheniyu chetvertichnogo perioda (Bulletin of the Commission for the Study of the Quaternary Period). 2015. No. 74. P. 105–110. (in Russ.)
21. Jouzel J., Stievenard M., Johnsen S.J., Landais A., Masson–Delmotte V., Sveinbjornsdottir A., Vimeux F., von Grafenstein U., and White J.W.C. The GRIP deuterium-excess record. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2007. Vol. 26. No. (1–2). Р. 1–17.
22. Andersen K.K., Svensson A., Johnsen S.J., Rasmussen S.O., Bigler M., Rothlisberger R., Ruth U., Siggard-Andersen M.-L., Steffensen J.P., Dahl-Jensen D., Vinther B.M., and Clausen H.B. The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005, 15–42 ka. Part 1: constructing the time scale. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2006. Vol. 25. P. 3246–3257.
23. Ruth U., Bigler M., Rothlisberger R., Siggaard-Andersen M.L., Kipfstuhl S., Goto-Azuma K., Hansson M.E., Johnsen S.J., Lu H.Y., and Steffensen J.P. Ice core evidence for a very tight link between North Atlantic and East Asian glacial climate. Geophysical Research Letters. 2007. Vol. 34 (3). L03706.
24. Lambert F., Bigler M., Steffensen J.P., Hutterli M., and Fischer H. Centennial mineral dust variability in high-resolution ice core data from Dome C, Antarctica. Climate of the Past. 2012. Vol. 8. P. 609–623.
25. Kostrova S.S., Meyer H., Chapligin B., Tarasov P.E., and Bezrukova E.V. The last glacial maximum and late glacial environmental and climate dynamics in the Baikal region inferred from an oxygen isotope record of lacustrine diatom silica. Quaternary International. 2014. Vol. 348. P. 25–36.
26. Hughes P.D. and Gibbard P.L. A stratigraphical basis for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Quaternary International. 2014. Vol. 383. P. 174–185.
27. Tseitlin S.M. Geologiya paleolita Severnoi Azii (Geology of the Paleolithic of North Asia). Moscow: Nauka (Publ.), 1979. 288 p. (in Russ.)
28. Konstantinov M.V., Vasil’ev S.G., Filatov E.A., Vikulova N.O., and Maslodudo S.V. Drevnyaya istoriya Zabaikal’skogo kraya v svete novykh arkheologicheskikh otkrytii (Ancient History of Transbaikalian Region in the Light of New archaeological discoveries). Izv. laboratorii drevnikh tekhnologii (Journal of Ancient Technology Laboratory). 2018. Vol. 14. No. 1. P. 9–19. (in Russ.)
29. Vasil’ev S.A., Polyakov A.V., Amzarakov P.B., Ryzhov Yu.V., Korneva T.V., Sapelko T.V., Baryshnikov G.F., Burova N.D., Girya E.Yu., and Yamskikh G.Yu. Paleoliticheskii chelovek v predgor’yakh Sayan: stoyanka Irba 2 bliz Kuragino (Paleolithic man in the foothills of the Sayan Mountains: the Irba 2 site near Kuragino (the Krasnoyarsk region)). Proshloe chelovechestva v trudakh peterburgskikh arkheologov na rubezhe tysyacheletii (The Past of Humankind as seen by the Petersburg Archaeologists at the Dawn of the Millenium). Chapter 1.6. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Centre for Oriental Studies Publishers (Publ.), 2019. P. 83–102. (in Russ.)
30. Kirillov I.I. and Kirillov O.I. Sukhotino. Malaya entsiklopediya Zabaikal’ya. Arkheologiya (Small Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia. Archeology). Novosibirsk: Nauka (Publ.), 2011. P. 280–282. (in Russ.)
31. Cherenshchikov O.Yu. Nizhnii kompleks mnogosloinogo poseleniya Sukhotino–4 i ego mesto v verkhnem paleolite Severnoi Azii: dissertatsiya na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kand. st. nauk (The lower complex of the multilayer settlement Sukhotino-4 and its place in the Upper Paleolithic of North Asia. Cand. Sciences Dissertation). Chita: CSPI, 1998. 215 p. (in Russ.)
32. Okladnikov A.P. and Kirillov I.I. Yugo-Vostochnoe Zabaikal’e v epokhu kamnya i rannei bronzy (Southeastern Transbaikalia in the Stone Age and early bronze). Novosibirsk. 1980. 176 p. (in Russ.)
33. Konstantinov M.V., Konstantinov A.V., Ekimova L.V., and Razgil’deeva I.I. Ust’-Menza. Malaya entsiklopediya Zabaikal’ya. Arkheologiya (Small Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia. Archeology). Novosibirsk: Nauka (Publ.), 2011. P. 302–306. (in Russ.)
34. Konstantinov M.V., Konstantinov A.V., Ekimova L.V., and Razgil’deeva I.I. Studenoe. Malaya entsiklopediya Zabaikal’ya. Arkheologiya (Small Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia. Archeology). Novosibirsk: Nauka (Publ.), 2011. P. 277–280. (in Russ.)
Review
For citations:
Ryzhov Yu.V., Moroz P.V., Smirnov M.V. Stages of the Khoito-Aga first river terrace development near Upper Paleolitic archaeological site Sakhyurta–1 (Transbaikal region). Geomorfologiya. 2021;52(3):125-136. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S0435428121030111
Views:
449
Email this article 