Изменения окружающей среды Терского берега Белого моря (Кольский полуостров) в голоцене по данным комплексного изучения болота Кузоменский мох

Реконструированы процесс заболачивания и история развития растительности за последние 8000 лет в западной части Терского берега (юг Кольского полуострова), в устье реки Варзуга по данным комплексного изучения торфяника Кузоменский Мох. Исследования включали спорово-пыльцевой и ботанический анализы торфа, измерения потерь при прокаливании, AMS радиоуглеродное датирование и морфоскопию песчаных кварцевых зерен. Установлено, что после дегляциации на территории исследований действовали эоловые процессы, позже сменившиеся заболачиванием. Согласно данным анализа морфоскопии песчаных кварцевых зерен, отложения, подстилающие торфяную толщу, имеют ледниковый и водно-ледниковый генезис, но впоследствии песчаные зерна частично были переработаны эоловыми процессами, на что указывают характерные текстуры на их поверхности, связанные с переносом частиц в воздушной среде. Накопление торфяной залежи началось не позднее 7865 ± 45 кал. (календарных) л. н., что может служить признаком затухания эоловых процессов на окружающей территории. На основе ботанического анализа торфа выявлены этапы эволюции болота от эвтрофной до олиготрофной стадии и показано, что развитие локальной растительности болота, очевидно, находилось под влиянием пожаров в период между 7800 и 2700 кал. л. н. Результаты спорово-пыльцевого анализа показали, что история растительности западной части Терского берега Белого моря в течение последних 8000 лет включала серию чередующихся фаз распространения березовых, сосново-березовых и сосновых лесов. Долгопериодная динамика растительности, возможно, была обусловлена изменениями климата и пожарной активности. Ель появилась в лесных сообществах изучаемой территории около 7000 кал. л. н., в течение последних 200 лет ее обилие в древостоях сократилось в результате антропогенного воздействия на растительный покров и пожаров.

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