Природная среда Окинского плато (горы Восточного Саяна) в позднем ледниковье и голоцене: пример палинологической летописи из отложений озера Хикушка

Новая пыльцевая запись из донных отложений оз. Хикушка и реконструкция биомов дают представления об изменениях природной среды Окинского плато, расположенного в горах Восточного Саяна на юге Восточной Сибири, за последние 13490 калиброванных лет (к. л. н.). Реконструкции показывают преобладание тундрового биома в аллерёде, ок. 13490–12600 к. л. н., что свидетельствует о континентальном и холодном климате. Однако пыльцевая запись демонстрирует заметное участие в растительности в это время и деревьев, таких как ель (Picea obovata) и лиственница (Larix sibirica). Кратковременное сокращение лесного биома ок. 12600–12500 к. л. н. может быть реакцией региональной растительности на похолодание климата в стадиал поздний дриас. Более четкого выражения этого похолодания в пыльцевой записи из отложений оз. Хикушка не найдено. Позже, ок. 12500–11200 к. л. н., реконструкция свидетельствует о сокращении степного и тундрового биомов за счет продолжающегося распространения Picea и Larix. Короткий интервал времени ок. 11200–10500 к. л. н. характеризуется максимальным распространением пихты (Abies sibirica) и таежного биома, свидетельствуя о самом влажном и умеренно-континентальном климате в высокогорной зоне Окинского плато за последние 13490 лет. В следующий интервал времени, ок. 10500 и 6500 к. л. н., происходило постепенное расширение таежного биома с преобладанием сосны обыкновенной Pinus sylvestris, что согласуется со многими другими палинологическими записями из умеренных широт Евразии. Лесной биом доминировал на исследуемой территории последние 6500 лет. Начиная примерно с 5000 к. л. н. лиственница и сосна сибирская (Pinus sibirica) начали приближаться к бассейну оз. Хикушка, означая повышение их верхней границы в горах Восточного Саяна, а растительность стала приобретать современный характер.

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