EXOGENIC MORPHOLITHOGENESIS ON THE SEASONAL MUD FLATS OF THE KAMA WATER RESERVOIRS

Abstract

Geomorphological effect of exogenic processes on the coastal shallows of the Kama water reservoirs during the formation of seasonal mud flats is comparable in several years to activity of hydrophysical processes at normal lockup levels. Deflation-aeolian processes may cause the increase or decrease of the height of a shallow on separate sites by 0.25-0.40 m during the short periods of time (from one to three weeks). Influence of temporal melt-water currents on a surface of a coastal slope is usually leads to formation of gullies and ravines up to 1.5 m depth and more. Weathering, most notably manifested on abrasion surfaces build up by the dense low-plastic clay, results in the formation of the deep cracks, which are gradually extending under action of a deflation or up-wash and turning into crest-like forms up to 0.3-0.4 m height. The geomorphological effect of frost grounds manifests on the sandy- siltstone deposits underlaid by rocky debris. Owing to differences in a thermal capacity of large shatters and fine deposits there appear little hubbles on the surface of a shallow up to 0.3-0.5 m in diameter and 0.15-0.20 m in height. Depth of the plucking of the coastal slopes by gravitational displacement of an ice or by trash ice can reach 0.3-0.4 m and its width - 5-7 m.