Палеочерноземы времени развития срубной культуры и тренды позднеголоценовой эволюции почв лесостепи Восточно-Европейской равнины

Выполнен сравнительный анализ признаков черноземов, погребенных под курганами периода срубной культурно-исторической общности (3600–3400 л. н.), их аналогов более ранних (4200– 3700 л. н.) и более поздних (2500–2200 л. н.) периодов, а также современных компонентов почвенного покрова на территории центра Восточно-Европейской равнины. Черноземы периода срубной культуры формировались в обстановке заметных биоклиматических изменений, последовавших вслед за периодом среднесуббореальной аридизации климата. Установлено, что биохимическая перестройка профиля по содержанию почвенного органического вещества опережала морфологическую перестройку с формированием более мощной темноцветной части профиля черноземов. Автоморфные палеочерноземы срубного времени характеризовались большей однородностью морфологических свойств (на всех изученных участках – черноземы типичные) по сравнению с современными аналогами (возникли два ареала черноземов – выщелоченных и типичных). Черноземы выщелоченные возникли на участках с меньшими запасами карбонатов в почвообразующих породах по сравнению с чернозмами типичными. Общий тренд позднеголоценовой эволюции черноземов выщелоченных и типичных состоял в увеличении мощности гумусовых горизонтов (в среднем на 20 см) и почвенных профилей (в среднем на 20 см) при неизменности мощности переходной части профиля (А1В+ВА1) и горизонтов В (Вк). Отличия состояли в разных глубинах выщелачивания почвенных профилей от карбонатов.

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