The paper represents the analysis of the existing, most common classifications (typifications) of river channels. It is displayed that almost in all approaches, regardless of the methodological basis, there is a morphogenetic component. Restriction of the whole variety of conditions for river channels development by one or two or three factors of channel formation confines the possibilities of channel analysis, distinguishing the main regularities of channel dynamics and management of channel processes in practical problems solution. In the case study of the Ob’ River the estimation was performed of the changes of channel morphology and dynamics along the river as the consequences of the multifactor nature of channel processes. The main attention is paid to the morphodynamic classification of river channels by the Moscow State University, which is characterized by the most complete account of their morphology and channel changes regime. A block structure of this classification reflects the sequence of structural levels of channel processes manifestations (mountain and lowland rivers as a reflection of different flow turbulence and forms of sediment transport, incised and wide-floodplain channels which develop in different geological and geomorphological conditions, morphodynamic channel types themselves – meandering, braided and relatively straight and the diversity of their varieties, etc.) – so this classification demonstrates complex interrelations between its structural levels. Accounting of channel stability, size of bed-material load, direction of vertical channel development (river entrenchment (incision)/accumulation of sediments) and anthropogenic channel change gives to the classification a universal character, makes it possible for regional generalizations and mapping of territories and river basins, gives an opportunity to use it as a basis of channel processes management in water economy and water transport.

Glaciomorphological mapping is one of the main methods for studying the structure and dynamic of the former ice sheets, which has been developing actively in recent decades in connection with using remote sensing data for mapping landforms. Open databases of glacial landforms began to appear, which creates a prerequisite for a better understanding of the glacial morpholithogenesis and the construction of detailed paleoglaciological reconstructions. Such databases have not been developed in Russia yet because of the lack of studies in the field of small scale glaciomorphological mapping. During our investigations in the test area situated in the marginal zone of the south-east part of the last Scandinavian ice sheet, methodological aspects detail glaciomorphological mapping were developed. It was found that in forested areas available digital elevation models are suitable exclusively for medium-scale mapping, but in non-forested terrains they may be used for small-scale mapping. Based on our results, we propose a number of reliable morphological indicators of glacial landforms that were used to compile the glaciomorphological map of the test area. It has been established that in forested areas, it is not possible to identify isometric positive landforms isometric negative landforms are well expressed in all kinds of landscape. Elongated landforms may be distinguished more confidently than isometric, regardless of the degree of forest cover. Results of glaciomorphological mapping of the study area will form the basis for the geodatabase which is going to be expanded to the entire Russian sector of the marginal zone of the Scandinavian ice sheet of the Late Valdai (Ostashkov) glaciation.

In this article were summarized data of exploration work conducted in the valleys of the Lena gold-bearing area, starting from the early stages of exploration (1910–1920s) and ending with the 1990s, including large-scale production plans. the drainage system of the area inherits the faults that were formed in the late jurassic – early cretaceous. buried valleys inherit their position during several erosion cycles: in the same reaches the position and width of valleys of different ages remains approximately the same, but in the bottoms of valleys of different ages large transformations are observed. in the formation of the morphology of the buried valley of the Lena gold-bearing area, the leading role belongs to river channel processes. Stable position of the river valleys determines the inherited position of the placers, as a rule, they are located within the contours of the modern valleys or their bottoms, or are slightly shifted to terrace staircases. Inherited are also morphodynamic types of channels, however, in cases of displacement of the valleys to areas with different lithological and tectonic conditions, morphological structure of valleys and alluvial deposits also change. This leads to formation of beads-like widening of the valleys and steps in their longitudinal profiles. Specific examples of such changes are illustrated from the large valleys of the rivers vacha and bodaybo. Three types of buried erosional terraces were considered that alternate along the length of valleys and determine specific position of the placers. a significant influence of the major tributaries to the structure of placers was found that is expressed in the presence of a transverse to the axis of the valley of the gold-bearing layers and sudden changes of elevation values of their beds. the established regularities are relevant to other mining areas and may have great practical importance in prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits.

As a result of bathymetric studies, including survey with a multi-beam echo sounder, a map of the bottom relief of part of the Sea of Japan in the region of the Pervenets Rise was compiled. The length of the Rise is 60 km, and the width is 45 km. The Rise consists of two submeridional ridges - the Western and the Eastern. On the basis of complex using of bathymetric and single-channel seismoacoustic data, it was established that on the Rise there are numerous evidences of late Cenozoic tectonic-magmatic activation, presumably of the Pliocene-Pleistocene age. The results of this process are manifested here as a complex of volcanic objects, including explosive eruptions origin - numerous volcanoes (37 units), lava flows, volcano caldera and adventive craters. The height of the volcanoes is up to 300 m, and their diameter is 0.3–2.0 km. Differences in the structure of the Western and Eastern ridges of the Pervenets Rise were revealed. The volcano of a linear type with a length of about 22 km and width of about 3 km is located on the Western ridge. The volcano of the central type with a caldera is located on the Eastern ridge. The bowl of the caldera has a diameter of about 4 km. A complex structure of the caldera is found, which is expressed in the existence of three rings of volcanic structures around it, which may indicate several stages of activation of the volcano on the Eastern ridge of the Rise. It was found that the seamounts Petr Velikij and Siberia correspond to the northern and southern tops of the western ridge of the Pervenets Rise.

The observational data on the relief formation processes for a period of more than five decades in the valley of river Geyzernaya are brought together and systematized. The active development of gravitational slope processes is noted, among which rockfalls of lava plateau margins and rockslides in the upper parts of slopes are dominated, and landslides and slips are in the lower ones. It has been established that along with the ongoing deepening of the valley, at the present stage it’s actively widening with the formation of numerous local terraces, which have mainly landslide genesis. The maximum width of the valley is observed in areas of the most intensive hydrothermal activity. The active development of slope processes is facilitated by the impact on the bedrock of highly mineralized thermal waters, which destroy the latter to clay. Large-scale displacements of rocks on the slopes are initiated by rainfall and seismic shocks. Denudation in the river basin proceeds mainly according to the following scheme: 1) displacement of material from the slopes with blocking of the river channel and the formation of a dammed reservoir, 2) breakthrough/descent of the lake with mudflow occurrence. During the period under review, several similar events recorded, as a result of which approximately 24 million m³ of rocks assumed in the valley from its slopes only from 2007 to 2014.

Sulphate karst in the southern Urals develops within the gypsum Kungur layer of the lower Permian. Surface karst manifestations presented funnels, wells, depressions, and karst erosion and karst logs and ravines, karst springs and lakes. Sulphate karst is the most dangerous type of karst for the territory under consideration. Affected areas of the southern Urals surface karst manifestations is directly dependent on the neotectonic stage in the formation of relief. The active stages of their formation alternate with adaptation periods, and the activity of development decreases from the Pliocene to the Holocene, following a decrease in the draining capacity of the karst gypsum stratum. As a result of the assessment of the intensity of the distribution of karst landforms in areas with homogeneous geological and hydrogeological, geomorphological conditions and types of karst, through the total ratio of their area (%) and quantity (PCs. on 1 km²) to the area of the site it was established that the abundance of surface karst phenomena naturally decreases with increasing thickness of cover deposits, increases from weakly permeable cover sediments to overlying rocks, the water permeability of which is due to their porosity, increases from areas with difficult water exchange trenno-karst waters to the participants, where the situation of their intensive water exchange is formed and from young relief surfaces to more ancient ones. The karst danger of both separate parts of the Republic of Bashkortostan and adjacent territories will be assessed by the GIS project “Karst of the southern Urals and the Urals” on the scale of 1:500000.

The morphostructural analysis of Zaisan depression and its surrounding mountain area has been based on field geomorphological and structural researches and the study of the newest high quality remote-sensing data. The morphostructural zoning has resulted in distinguishing a series of latitudinal linear arched fault and transverse block structures, complicating them. The analysis of planation surface deformations and correlative sediments as well as studying of relief-forming faults kinematics have allowed us to reconstruct the history of the Cenozoiс relief development. The depression began its latest stage of development in the Paleocene, however, the Mio-Pliocene acceleration of its subsidence was verified. It was expressed in accumulation during this time of more than a half of the total Cenozoic sedimentary fill. Dextral displacements along the Tarbagatai and Manrak-Saur fault zones were found. In their southeastern periphery, the thrust compensation for the strike-slip faults was caused by the acceleration of the Tarbagatai and Saur uplifts during the Pliocene-Quaternary. The kinematic type of certain faults was determined, the amplitudes of neotectonic uplift and horizontal displacements along them were estimated.

The sediment flow was calculated using the simulation method of wandering marker particles in the water area of the sediment dumping area in the Nakhodka Bay. The relative deformation of the bottom according to the three-dimensional model of currents, wind waves and suspension transformation in the process of sedimentation were taken into account. It was established that the transport of pollution is most likely to occur in a southerly direction towards the open water area of the bay. Carrying out beyond the boundaries of the landfill of the suspension is up to 3.5% of the mass of the total monthly discharged sediments. The sedimentation area on the bottom increases with increasing duration of wind and the rate of change of the burial area reacges the greatest values in the first day.