Sub-aerial relief-forming processes are few in number and weak in polar cold deserts without rains and melt water being hardly available, Vertical zonality of the processes is almost completely absent. Final stage of mountain planation is «deserption pediment» inclined by 30⁰. General erosion rate (mostly due to deflation) is less than 0,1 mm per year, which is lowest for mountain regions. As far as the exogenous processes are concerned, the oases of Transantarctic Mountains are most relevant analogs of the Moon and Mars.

A geomorphic model is developed describing the Earthcrust structures evolution of the geosyncline-platformian type. The model's ability is stressed to replace the study's object (considering some of its attributes). Isomorphism of the model and the Earthcrust structure makes it possible indirect study of the crustal structures using landforms, especially types of structural forms. The geomorphic model under consideration shows that phenomena of geological processes repetition and relative stability of geological bodies cannot be accounted for from rigid deterministic position. The author uses the cybernetic aspect of the «Markov's chain» concept, probabilistic character of the landforms evolution being explained through it. The geomorphological model can be considered as model of diachronical series of landforms.

Many buried placers at the plain are proved to coincide with recent streams. The phenomenon cannot be explained by «inheritance» of .bedrock topography as the explanation contradicts to drilling data. The author suggests that the loess-ice complex (so called «edoma» complex) closely repeat the valley pattern of intermediate topography (existed before the edema complex formation) or primordial valleys dissecting rock basement. The primary placers were formed in these valleys, later .on they were re-deposited and projected on present-day s o l e of the plain, irrelatively to its erosional sculpture.

An algorithm of informative geomorphic indices discrimination and their complexes identification is introduced aiming to prediction of sedimentary .mantle structural surfaces geometry. Using local uplifts of the Lower Volga region as the case study, the author shows that the morphometric indices of present-day topography are most important for prediction of the depth of Meso-Cenozoic structural surfaces; the quantitative indices of erosional network obtained by aerial photos interpretation allow predicting the geometry of deep structural surfaces.

A new method (structural-projectional) is proposed for reconstruction of paleorelief of folded mountains with lava covers. The method consists in paleo-topography tracing by structural scheme construction of a basal surface of lava's cover formed during time interval under consideration. The structural scheme reflects morphological features of pre-lava topography, deformed and reduced to recent hypsometry. Ancient (pre-lava) topography image is obtained by correction for value of differentiated vertical displacement during time interval since lava effusion. Technique is developed of vertical displacement estimation. The structural-projectional method allows reconstructing with high precision absolute and relative heights of ancient topography, degree of its dissection and features of its elements. The data are of importance for paleogeographic analysis with the aim of forecasting and prospecting hypergenous mineral deposits.

Relief is described of marginal zones of the Zyrianka, Taz and Samarovo ice sheets at the Yenisei-Nizhnaya Tunguska-Podkamennaya Tunguska interfluves. Convergent traces of ice flow were discovered at the territory, the ice moving from the Yenisei basin and Middle Siberian Plateau. Some regular differences are noted in the marginal features of different age, the same regularities have been previously described at the Russian Plain. The authors conclude that the increase in climate continentality results in decrease in the glaciation scale only from the Yenisei eastward.

Data are brought showing that the intensification of denudation with height is not a general regularity. The denudation rate in the alpine belt of the Great Caucasus makes up to 1-2,5 mm per year.

On the basis of repeated leveling data processing and analysis two zones- Gissarskaya and Petrovskaya-have been distinguished within Garm geodynamic polygon, which is situated in the zone of Pamir and Tien Shan structural contact. The zones differ in recent tectonics character. The Gissarskaya zone coincides with the Foremost zone of the S6uth Tien Shan, the Petrovskaya one-with the Outer Pamir-Kunlun zone, their boundary being at the Vakhsh up thrust line. Recent structures evolution is inherited from Late and Middle Pleistocene erogenous structures. The whole area of the Garm polygon rises now the rates of the recent rise being lower at the Foremost zone of the South Tien Shan as compared with Outer Pamir — Kunlun zone.

The introduced method is based on the notion of parallel retreat of steep slopes of young ravins. The retreat rate is measured using dendrochronology and assumed constant during the whole time interval of the gully development. In Order to define the gully's age a hypsometric cross-profile is plotted (crossing the broadest part of the gully), the slopes steepness and distance between the slopes upper edges being marked. The values are included into age calculating formula together with the denudation rate. The method has been checked for 6 Holocene gullies dissecting Upper Cretaceous marls and Pleistocene loams at the Crimean Inner celesta ridge. The values obtained are in good agreement with age interval defined (in some cases) by archeological data.

Spurs and channels at reef's outer slope make a natural breakwater which ensures both wave energy dissipation and water exchange at the reef's surface. Successive stages of the spurs formation can be observed at the same locality (as it has been found at Seychelles), which gives evidence on the spurs formation by growth and merging of coral colonies due to prevailing waves. The relief and lower limit of spurs and channels depend on prevailing waves parameters. The spurs formation from the coral colonies growth result in the reef's expansion.

A notion «line of gold placers bottom lowering» is introduced, the line being graphical representation of the placers extension process due to river down-cutting and placers reworking.

Results are presented of geological and geomorphological study of relict cryogenic microrelief Microrelief is well pronounced, the hummocks centers being 1,2-1,7 meters above the depressions floor. Geological base of the microrelief is cryogenic veins system which is clearly seen in sections. Cryogenic deformations study reveals two phases of Late Pleistocene cold period.

Development of geomorphology at Moscow university (to the 225th anniversary of Moscow State University)

60 years of the department of geomorphology of Leningrad State university

Remote sensing in geomorphology (review of most important publications abroad)

A new textbook on geomorphological mapping