The concept of "geomorphologic regimes" is put forth. It denotes complex of landforms, processes of relief formation and their conditions. The geomorphologic regime governs the type of state, course and trend of development of the geomorphic systems during certain period of time. Several examples of regimes of West Siberia, South Mongolia, Indochina are given.
The geomorphologic regime of platform plain may be subdivided into different types, which are determined by numerous processes and factors of morphogenesis including the morphological features of landforms. All processes and factors may be united into persistent characteristic complexes - exogeodynamic regimes of a plain. Using K-means technique of cluster analysis, 8 regimes of the Russian Plain were revealed: regime of erosion-frost dissection in the far North-East of the Plain, quasi-mountainous regime of peripheral parts, regime of predominant caustic denudation of humid and forested areas and others. For this purpose 15 parameters were used, including characteristics of some exogenous processes, and climatic, morphologic, and tectonic factors. The subsequent hierarchical clustering of regimes shows their interrelations. The spatial distribution and characteristics of regimes are described, as well as their relation to morphosculpture of the territory.
Application of deformational (geodetic) method to the earthquake prediction gives good results. The development of strong earthquake source occurs with straight and the only valuable indication - flexible bend of rocks in the source. The upper boundary of the large source - Earth's surface - undergoes corresponding bend as well. The method of exact prognosis of the place and the maximum intensity of future earthquake by means of geodetic measurements is described. The way to real forecasting of the earthquake in the epicenters revealed by geodetic measurements is outlined.
Экологическая и прикладная геоморфология
The most part of accidents registered from March 1995 to March 1999 in the central districts of Moscow, which have taken place due to processes in the bottom, are situated over the pre-quaternary buried valleys or filled rivers. Accidents are most frequent at the warm period, which indicates to strong suffusion in the grounds filling these valleys. Karst and vibration caused by traffic play an important role in development of accidents. Water inrushes through tubes are typical for cold period, when freezing-thawing processes are numerous.
Методика научных исследований
In this paper we suggest a new approaches to the analysis of basin erosion, taking relief characteristics and soil erosion as an example. Method based on GIS-technology includes using of the altitude grid layer, data processing and relief classification by means of artificial citron networks. The results obtained show obvious advantages of the method in comparison with the traditional cartometric works and soil erosion analysis by elementary basins. Correlation between soil erosion and relief parameters grows significantly in comparison with the results of traditional statistic methods. The classes of erosion relief in Tatarstan were distinguished. By means of this method the prognostic model of soil erosion may be developed for the classification purposes and for the erosion hazard rating of lands. The rise of accuracy of prognosis in comparison with other statistic methods was calculated.
Научные сообщения
Data of silt load and unit sediment discharge within the Oka basin are represented here. The scheme of regionalization based on this data is given. It is interlinked with the soil-erosion hazard distribution. From data of sediment discharge the power "m" in the equation for channel-forming discharge has been calculated. By the condition of their passage the scheme of zonation of the basin was compiled. All schemes were juxtaposed with analogous schemes for the basin of the Don. The distribution of different morphodynamic channel types and their correlation with geological-geomorphologic pattern of basin are under consideration.
Data of exploratory drilling were used to reconstruct paleo-channels of the rivers at Patomskoye highland. The dilatations of valleys appear to be the result of river evolution and channel activity during several erosion cycles. Their genesis is passing due to several causes and is connected with channel stability, its lateral deformations, and evolution during the whole history of the valley.
The origin of river shallows due to sediment washout from the active gullybalka systems is under consideration. The opinion that linear erosion has strong negative influence on the channel conditions and navigation is based on the analysis of pilot maps and archive materials. The detailed description of shallows of the Middle Don and its depth dynamic is given.
Geomorphologic conditions of placers' distribution at South Altai are under consideration. The suggested placers' classification includes their genesis, morphology and age. The main types of placers are characterized.
The author has carried out field observations of mudflows on Cuba - in the tropical zone with very peculiar conditions. The analysis of these conditions, location of young alluvial fans, and general analysis of physical geographical conditions indicate that the range of mudflows in the mountainous areas of Cuba and other tropical regions is larger than that on the lowland of Habana-Matanas, where mudflows described were observed.
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