Paleo-geomorphological reconstructions of the SE European territory of the USSR are compiled for typical continental stages: Pre-Eifelian, Early Visean, Pre-Asselian, PreBajocian, Early Paleocene, Early Oligocene, Middle Miocene, Middle Pliocene, Middle Pleistocene. Geological-geomorphological subdivision of the Phanerozoic has been developed on the basis of gaps in geological record, paleo-landforms and topographic steps. Main taxa in the periodization are cycles which are united into macrocycles and subdivided into microcycles. Their natural boundaries are regional unconformities corresponding to either erosional landforms (paleovalleys) or plains mantled by weathering crusts. Geomorphic cycles are manifested in polygenetic planation surf aces. Cyclic units are united into system of large rhythms or stages designated in accordance with conventional geotectonic nomenclature. The anthropogenous (technogenous) stage is argued to be unit of the the same rank as the natural stages.

The paper introduces schemes of the USSR regionalisation according to channel process factors. Relative length of channels of different types is calculated for groups of regions which differ in geological and geomorphic conditions of channel deformations development and also for sub-latitudinal zones which differ in channel-forming discharges character. Channel types regional distribution appeared to be closely related to tectonic activity and bedrock lithology. Anastomosing channels or various free meanders are controlled by channel-forming discharge occurence.

Physical models elucidated some qualitative aspects of gullies formation on various rocks. They revealed the importance of water stream splashing when it falls over the edge of gully slope as well as the significance of landslides and landfalls which correct the process of erosion and deposition. The importance is ascertained of the period of gully preparation for the next active phase of erosion.

Azimuths of surface runoff direction, surface slope towards reservoir and river as well as slope of the Artian topographic surface were measured and treated by means of the factor analysis with the aim to study interrelations between the natural factors of the karst formation within the zone of Kama reservoir influence. The results were processed using operational-areal units (plots of 0.5 sq km area, evenly distributed over the region). The possibility is argued to use for angular measurements (case of monomodal distribution) common linear characteristics of distribution if two semi-intervals of azimuth changes are considered (0^o to 180^o and 180^o to 360^o). Factor analysis of interrelation between the karst development index and azimuths in different semi-intervals revealed a stable correlation with azimuth of the Artian surface slope, which reflected the tectonic fissures direction influence on the surficial karst forms distribution.

Space photos application to the engineering geomorphology enlarges considerably its sphere and provides with essentially new information on geomorphic conditions in regions of planned construction. A new concept of indication analysis of space photoes is developed; it is based on the fact that indicative properties of photoimages of relief vary with changes of the optical generalisation level of the space photoes. Practical applicability of the analysis is defined with view to engineering geomorphology problems arising from linear constructions survey.

Long-term stationary observation and aerial photos interpretation as well as the analysis of earlier published data revealed pulsating-decaying character of the gullies growth at the eastern Russian Plain during 1954 to 1985 yrs. Mean annual growth rate varies from 0.40 to 4.20 meters per year depending on rocks lithology. 70 to 80% of total growth occurs during the spring. Gullies within the region remain active for about 15 to 20 yars.

Value of the denudation (i. e. mean thickness of rock layer removed by denudation) is defined for different stages of the topographic evolution of the Aldan-Stanovoi region on the basis of analysis of the relief history. Danudation values for Jurassic and Cretaceous stages were obtained using bulk method and amounted to 400 and 300 meters respectively. Variations of the denudation rate are taken into account. For Cretaceous - Paleogene and Neogene-Quaternary stages mean denudation values of 100 to 150 and 50 meters were obtained with considerable variations in different geomorphological structures for the last stage. For Mesozoic - Cenozoic time in the Aldan-Stanovoi region mean denudation value is 1000 meters, maximum value being more than 2000 meters in lonascending blocks, minimum - 100 to 150 meters is blocks of inherited downwarping.

An impact of floating trees on channel process is discussed, the trees being carried by flood together with root system and crown. The hazard may be assessed by ground or aerial survey of the valley with view to hydrotechnical projects. Some cases are discussed when floating trees brought about a new channel formation or meanders generation.

The analysis of the Demerdzhy structure elements age using lichenometrical technique gives a possibility to establish the character and succession of its development stages. It has been established the recurrency of gravitational processes manifestation in this region, a series of individual collapse bodies revealed, periodicity of their formation traced. The correlation of collapse age with dates of ancient and modern earthquakes indicates the leading role of the seismic factor in the gravitational structure development.

A classification is developed of cartographic images of geomorphic objects using the analysis of various special maps such as geological, geomorphological, orographic, tectonic etc. The classification is based on the cartographic images configuration and complexity. 5 main types of linear images can be distinguished, i. e. rectilinear, free-form, latticed, arcuate and annular, with a number of varieties within each of them. A table of geometric analogues gives graphical representation of the classification introduced.

Argentina oceanic coast is of special interest to research work on problems of general geomorphology. 1) Shelf along the Argentina coast is broadest and best developed of all the oceanic shelves of the World. 2) The coastal zone presents various landforms and sediments typical of areas which adjoin regions glaciated during the Pleistocene. 3) Pleistocene and Holocene shorelines are traced along all the coast by terraces and emerged depositional coastal landforms, fossil barriers etc. Recent coastal landforms are also composite in structure, some features being inherited from the Pleistocene. 4) Recent dynamics of the sea coast is characterized with active marine erosion; its rate is up to 10 meters per year. Most urgent problems which face the coastal geomorphologists of Argentina are control of marine erosion and harbour silting, as well as elaboration of measures on recultivation of salt marshes and depositional landforms, both Holocene and recent.

Morphological features of elementary catchments control water flow character, transition of the surface runoff from one type to another, and' therefore changes of erosion process type and temporal and spatial variations of the erosion rate. Character and degree of the catchment surface differentiation reflect and indicate differences in «morphodynamical tension» within a catchment, the tension being more near thalweg (fractional elementary morphological units) and less near water divide.

Geomorphic features of the Iranian coast of the Caspian Sea closely resemble those of the western coast within the USSR borders. Three geomorphic zones are distincly distinguished. 1) Present-day beach and New Caspian built-up terrace with superimposed sand dunes near its axial part, morphologically it is barrier beach built of sand and gravel which detaches from the sea relict of ancient lagoons and two large recent ones, i. e. Mordob and Gorgan lagoons. 2) Zone of alluvial terraced plain built mostly of products of intense erosion of Bogrovdag and Elburz Mts slopes and foothills; it includes three Late Khvalynian terraces, their absolute heights are - 17-12 and 0 meters, 3) Zone of terraced foothills, including mostly erosional Early Khvalynian terraces. The terraces heights are similar to those at the western coast which strongly indicates the Khvalynian transgressions were of mostly hydrocratic origin. Characteristic feature of the coast formation is abundant supply of the coastal zone with terrigenous material due to abundant precipitations and active erosion at the Elburz Mts slopes.

Geodynamic conditions of the Kola Peninsula morphostructural features development are preconditioned by the Baltic shield beginning as an individual structural unit in Riphean and since then by unidirectional intermittent development of zones of the basement submergence and spreading at the south of the Barents Sea plate and within the White Sea graben as well as by the Scandinavian Caledonides geological history. These geodynamic conditions controlled the process and direction of the relief formation at the Kola Peninsula during the Phanerozoic.

Geomorphological and geophysical studies reveal a complicated structure of the nearshore shelf of the Kola Peninsula, structural and geomorphic uniformity of the shelf and coastal structures being well pronounced. Recent topography of the shelf and its morphosculptural appearance are due to evolution of the last glaciation landforms under conditions of postglacial marine transgression.

Paleo-geomorphological and litho-facial methods have been used to reconstruct Cretaceous and Paleogene drainage network of the Southern Yenisei region. Former valleys pattern is proved to be essentially different from the recent one, the fact being important 'for gold placers situation and shape.

Environmental geomorphology in Hungary - Environmental and dynamic geomorphology. Case studies in Hungary (Budapest: Axademiai Kiado, 1985, 220 p.)

Geomorphological problems at the V All-Union Hydrological Conference