Three zones have been distinguished on the plains of Eastern Europe based on suspended load and gully erosion: the north-western zone of weak erosion (rate of suspended load discharge averages to 5.6 t/km² year, gully density up to 200 m/km², channel erosion and sheet wash prevail), middle zone of intense erosion (44 t/km² year, gully density in excess of 200 m/km², sheet wash and gully erosion prevail), south-eastrn zone of weak erosion (8.1 t/km² year, less than 200 m/km²). Natural and anthropogenic factors are considered which account for the identified distinctions.

The first map of Northern Eurasia is presented showing recent endogenic regimes. It is based on the earthcrust subdivision according to 6 characteristics of its present-day structure and state, those are heat flow, the crust's thickness, relief (elevations), isostatic anomalies, sedimentary mantle thickness and subcrustal layer density. Arguments are advanced in favour of two transition zones from Eurasia to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, their boundaries being defined. Three superstructures are identified in Northern Eurasia, namely Western transition zone, Central part, and Eastern transition zone, each of them is described in terms of typical set of regimes, their spatial correlation and principal characteristics.

Генезис и структура рельефа: попытка нетрадиционного подхода к анализу смысла понятий

The author of the reviewed work is of opinion that fluvial relief evolution proceeds progressively at early stage being controlled by erosion and then the process is reversed owing to dominant alluviation. This assertion is absurd. As is the case of any genetic type of relief, the fluvial landforms evolve progressively at all the stages, under effect of interrelated erosion and sedimentation.

A special type of mountain valleys has been recognized within areas of their intersection by active faults a considerable concentration of energy takes place. As a consequence, "cumulative" mudflows are formed which are distinct by higher dynamics arid destructive properties. A few examples of this type of valleys are given, and results of mudflow occurrence are discussed. The author gives reasons for more detail investigations of the cumulative mudflow on special test sites chosen in valleys prone to mudflows.

The paper discusses general outlines of morphostructures' evolution and transformation in the Equadorian Andes and adjacent regions. Several morphostructural zones are distinguished: platformian plain of Amazonia, the Andes, coastal ranges and depressions. The topographic units came into being due to the orogenesis phase in the Miocene - Early Pliocene, and were later reactivated during the Late Pliocene - Pleistocene. The mechanism of the Equador morphostructures formation is described most adequately by the model of pulsatory waves. The plate tectonic model cannot explain many geological characteristics of both the land and the Pacific floor. There are inherited, reactivated and inversed morphostrucmres in different regions of Equador.

Field observations complemented by analysis of lithology and mineralogy of lake sediments and radiocarbon dating revealed certain regularities in bottom sediments distribution, their thickness and the rate of sedimentation, facial changes and their relation to the topography.

Glaciodynamic reconstructions based on space imagery interpretation permitted to ascertain the limits of the Poozerye ice sheet in Byelorussia, and to clarify distribution of ice lobe and sub-lobe complexes and their internal structure. A certain connection has been found between the marginal formations and active faults, ring structures, and rotational geodynamic elements.

When the Late Valdai ice sheet receded within Arctic regions, the heat supply appeared insufficient to ensure an active retreat of the ice margin. As shown using the Kola Peninsula as a case study, such conditions resulted in marginal belts formation consisting of two ridges. The inner ridge developed under condition of stationary ice margine, while the younger outer ridge was built by reactivated ice sheet. After an episode of reactivation, the peripherical parts of the ice sheet lost their connection with the main ice body and melted as dead ice blocks.

Morphostructural nodes are most important elements of the earthorust block structure. They are formed by lineaments intersections and feature increased rates of enogenic and exogenic processes. A majority of the morphostructural nodes of the Lesser Caucasus are prone to earthquakes of magnitudes not less than 5.5. Field data, aerial photos interpretation and analysis of literature reveal numerous large gravitational mass displacements (landslides, rockfalls, etc.) restricted to highly seismic morphostructural nodes. The largest displacements are recorded in the nodes prone to earthquakes of M = 6.5 or more. The indentification of rnorphostructural nodes liable to form large gravitational displacements is of theoretical and practical interest.

A complex of geomorphological and geological methods has been applied to studies of a poorly known region on The Trans-Uralian peneplain. Characteristics of the Cenozoic deposits and landforms provide a basis for the most widely spread planation surface to be attributed to the Late Miocene. Both older and younger surfaces are limited in their distribution. Vertical displacement values have been estimated for the Cenozoic faults. The ascertained tectonic movements are considered in their relation to denudation processes which modelled the present-day relief.

The paper deals with problems of neotectonic control over horizontal channel deformations under conditions of their free development. A few examples illustrate direct neotectonic influence on morphodynamic types of channel in cases that structural axes are oriented along the valley or across it.

Five topographic levels have been identified in the region. Terraces 160-170 m, 135-150 m, and 120-130 m high are composed of glaciofluvial deposits of the Zyryanka glaciatio, terraces 105-115 and 95-105 m high are dated to the Sartan epoch. During the Zyryanka time the basin of the Pronchishchev. Lake formed it is glacial-tectonic in origin and has been essentially modeled by erosion. The valley network underwent considerable changes during the Sartan epoch; the Pronchishchev Lake still belonged to the drainage basin of the river of the same name, while the Kuldima River began to flow directly into the Laptev Sea. The Holocene moipholithogenesis proceeded at a very slow rate.

A classification of the anthropogenic relief forms on the basis Of their system features has been developed. The following landforms peculiarities served as the division grounds: ierarchy level of natural-social systems; technogenic forms function in the systems, matter balance characteristics in process of anthropogenic morphogenesis and at present. This classification makes it possible to investigate the technogenic relief using system approach, to model the Modem state of the technogenic morphogenesis and to forecast its change.

Фундаментальный труд о позднекайнозойском рельеф образовании: Чочиа Н.Г., Евдокимов С.П. «Палеогеография позднего кайнозоя Восточной Европы и Западной Сибири (ледниковая и ледово-морская концепции)» (Под общ. ред. Н.Г. Чочиа. Саранск: Изд-во Мордов. ун-та, 1993. 248 с.).

Состоится ли примирение ледниковой и ледовоморской концепций?

О монографии Чочиа Н.Г., Евдокимова С.П. «Палеогеография позднего кайнозоя Восточной Европы и Западной Сибири (ледниковая и ледово-морская концепции)» (Под общ. ред. Н.Г. Чочиа. Саранск: Изд-во Мордов. ун-та, 1993. 248 с.).

30 октября 1995 года после болезни скончался видный представитель казанской геоморфологической школы, профессор кафедры физической географии Казанского педагогического университета Юрий Васильевич Бабанов.