The main types of mountains forming in the different climatic zones or under altitudinal zonality are described: humid tropics and monsoon; alpine type and subglacial mountains, submarine mountains and coral erections as their subtype. Peculiar climatic properties of mountains influence the young tectonics of upper lithosphere.

Some specific types of gullies rise under different zonal and regional conditions. They differ by complex of morphological characteristics or by single one and by mechanism of formation. These types are as follow: 1) nival-thermoerosion (tundra zone), 2) suffusion-solifluction (forest zone), 3) typical erosion (steppe and forest-steppe), 4) scree-erosion and suffusion-erosion (arid zone), 5) karst-erosion (in the karst regions), 6) landslide-erosion (in the landslide regions), 7) suffusion-erosion (in the suffusion regions). The distinguishing of such zonal and regional types of gullies is necessary for their precise description and for improvement of models of their development and erosion-protection measures according to zones and regions.

Development of the normative laws, bylaws, restrictions, and orders regulating the use and conservation of coastal zone is the main component of the seashores protection. In the draft federal law "On the seashores of the Russian Federation" the seashore is treated as substantive object of law space, having strict spatial boundaries and explicit regime of exploitation. The enactment of a bill will benefit the environmental and social condition of the seashore zone, will mitigate the collisions between different users of its natural resources.

Extreme ecological-geomorphologic situations (EEGS) - complex of geomorphologic phenomena, which take place due to rapid activation or dying of some geomorphic processes (natural or human induced) and worsen life and economy conditions for certain period of time or forever. The causes and factors of EEGS are analyzed. The characteristic of the territory of Russia and in detail of the European part is given regarding to ecological-geomorphologic situations. Estimation of possible changes of EGC due to climatic changes was made. EEGS may happen at the southern boundary of the permafrost zone and in the mountains. In the temperate zone of Russia the positive changes of ecological-geomorphologic conditions may occur.

Persistent development of towns from the Middle Ages until now occur in the sites where complex of physiographic and geomorphologic conditions make favorable medium for human being. The Oka-river basin represents probably an example of comfortable conditions for Slavonic ethnos.

Dual nature of placers requires complex investigation of metallogenic and geomorphologic conditions of placer formation. The position of their source in the range of formations originating the placers determines the variety of morphogenetic relief types favorable for distribution of placers. It is promising to consider placer as the result of conflict interaction of geomorphic systems, not just as the part of such system. Geomorphologic conditions of placer rise depend on character and intensity of systems conflict.

Comparison of vast amount of archive documents helped to reveal the dynamics of channel relief during the last 300 year under the influence of the climatic cyclicity. Certain changes took place due to human impact: runoff regulation by water storage, canalization and runoff transfer, construction material quarrying. Presently the river channel is adapting to new conditions after human intervention. Channel parameters will probably reach optimal values in 100-150 years.

Paleogeogaphic reconstructions of the area of meteorite crater Elgygytgyn were fulfilled for several epochs in the Late Cenozoic: 3.58 million years - the fall of the meteorite; the second half of the Pliocene - tectonic activation and uprise of the Anadyr Highland; the Middle Pleistocene - accumulation of sediments of the socle terrace 35-40 meters high, marking the maximum level of Lake Elgygytgyn; the Late Pleistocene - accumulation of sediments of 9-12 meters terrace; the Early Holocene - accumulation of sediments of 2-3 meters terrace; late 5000 years - decrease of the lake's level and formation of the contemporary coastline.

Geomorphology and history of the development of the Zhujiang River delta during the postglacial time are described. Special attention is given to the lithologic structure of deltaic plain and distribution of recent sediments in the deltaic distributaries and at mouth seashore (delta front and prodelta). Two stages of delta formation are revealed: 1 - long period of slow development, 2 - the late 2500 years of rapid development.

The factors of rivulets' channel formation are mostly not the same as those of large and middle rivers. Incised meanders are characteristic of rivulets. The bottom erosion or accumulation velocity consists n*0.1 mm/y, the lateral erosion velocity - n*1 mm/y at the areas of flow incision.

Spatial regularities of long-term deep erosion and accumulation on the rivers of the East Europe and Asia are analyzed. In the intracontinental regions incision is predominant, its value depending on the velocity of the tectonic uplift. Accumulation appears on the rivers, which cross marginal and littoral lowlands, with its velocity increasing southwards up to enormous values according to the solid runoff growth and the velocity of river mouth prograding. Muddying is characteristic of little rivers of the steppe and south forest zones due to excess of soil erosion material.

The role of external factors in the brided channels formation is analyzed on the base of quantitative criteria. The braided channel classification by flow redistribution is put forward. The correspondence of braided channel structure to river valley and channel morphology is shown.

Рецензия на монографию Новикова И.С. "Морфотектоника Алтая".

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О планируемом XXIX Пленуме Геоморфологической комиссии РАН