Anthropogenic geomorphology rose in the 60th of XX century and come now to new level (stage) of development. Recent relief, anthropogenic-geomorphological systems (AGMS), their properties, organization and characteristics of functioning constitute its subject. We suggest distinguishing AGMS by the type of natural anthropogenic organization, development of engineering connections and adaptive properties of anthropogenic (technogenic) and natural components: organically organized, constructively organized, engineering organized (or adapted), technogenic AGMS.

We propose also to term buried systems “archaeological” (or “artifactous”). In the conclusion, the main regularities of “constructive organization” were formulated and determination of anthropogenic geomorphology was given as follows: the discipline which investigates recent relief and anthropogenic-geomorphologic systems of different levels, their properties, organization, characteristics of functioning, and reveals the regularities of their formation in different natural conditions.

Emergence and distribution of the eolian processes in the arid and semiarid zones of Eurasia depends on the location of the polar front dividing temperate (polar) and tropic air masses. It has in general latitudinal orientation between 30° and 50° N. From time to time a blocking anticyclones are formed which brake dominating west winds. In the result the main stream is divided into two branches: the northeastern and southeastern ones of approximately even intensity. The zonal process is changed to meridional ones, which lead to increase in the temperature contrasts and conduces to cyclogenesis along the anticyclone periphery. In Eurasia there are several areas of present intensive eolean processes, their location being determined by the position of blocking Asian anticyclone and convergent zones at its periphery: 1) steppes of the East Europe, 2) steppes of the West Siberia and the Northern Kazakhstan in the moderate zone, 3) the East Asian zone, 4) The Middle Asian zone (subtropics).

Three main causes of river network alterations are described. 1. External impacts or complex of several impacts on drainage basin. These impacts may be caused by tectonic movements, volcanism, climatic changes, oscillations of end basin level and abrasive activity related to transgression. Their results may be whether broad and cover a series of neighbour basins, or local one. 2. Interaction of adjacent drainage basins with different velocity of inner processes. 3. The change of relief type within drainage basin (for instance from mountain into plain one) followed by alteration of types and velocities of major relief formation processes.

The catalogue of astrobleme-like depressions of Moscow region, including 36 objects, was compiled. Lakes occupy the most part of depressions. Each depression included into catalogue is described by a set of morphologic, geologic, and geomorphologic parameters. The distribution of depressions is not casual: the most part of them lies within the low fluvio-glacial, lacustrine, and alluvial plains. Thence there is only remote chance of their meteoritic origin; their genesis is probably diverse, though related to periglacial conditions of Valdai and Moscow glaciations. The role of the latter in the formation of one of the depressions (Lake Svetloye) is fairly ascertained on the basis of its rim’s cross-section analysis.

Modern deluvial process – agricultural soil erosion – is the most powerful process of lateral transfer of minerals, chemicals, and pollutants on the plains under development. A significant reduction of arable land in Russia, which was a result of socio-economic reforms of the end of XX century, as well as transformation of tillage into fallows and other soil-protective grounds, have caused a significant decrease in the intensity of modern deluvial processes. These changes are controlled by the geomorphologic and the most important socioeconomic factors. Cartographic and statistical methods were used to estimate the proportion of morpholithological factors’ effect on the spatial distribution of the deluvial processes for the key area in Northern forest-steppe of the Volga region. It was found that the percentage of this effect varies from 17 to 53% of total impact of all factors, and increases proportionally to the complexity of the structure of agricultural land. Erosion potential of arable slopes (LS model RUSLE) in some places reaches 20-40% of the pre-reform value and directly depends on the complexity of agro-landscape and the degree of the transformation. In general, the reduction and transformation of arable land – the area of most active slope processes – is currently ongoing, but with the slow rate.

Geomorphologic mapping of the ore field (374 km² in area) was fulfilled to scale 1:10 000. The method and technology for such mapping are described. Geoindicators of deep ore-bearing structures were revealed.

In the large reservoirs the classical development of shores under the impact of wave action and water level fluctuations results in erosion during the water level rise and in the movement of coastline toward water storage during fall in water level. In the case of “non-classical” development water level rise results in the submergence of coastal areas and accumulation, while the fall in the water level results in the cutting of the dereliction, slackening of the beach drift and subsequent cutting of the adjacent shores. Such types of evolution take place on the shores of both large reservoirs and seas. Considering geomorphological similarity of the coasts of seas and the storage lakes, large reservoirs may serve as models for studying and forecasting seashore response to water level fluctuations.

The new data about Ujmonsky ancient lake (the Central Altai) existence at absolute height of 1270–1280 m were obtained. Studies of the revealed traces of coastal zone, the degree abrasion development, and lacustrine sediments on slopes of the reservoir allowed to determine its basic morphometric characteristics (area – 2250-2300 km², water volume – 450 km³, maximum depth – 435 m), age (12–10 Ma B.P.), the duration of existence (~1000 y), and to propose a considerations about the location and the origin of its dam.

Moravian-Silesian Carpathians are the small westernmost member of the Western Carpathians in the southeastern part of the Czech Republic with interesting very young and sensitive relief. The author summarizes in his paper the main phases of relief development of the Moravian-Silesian Carpathians and evaluates impacts of neotectonic, gravitational tectonic, and climatic changes in Tertiary and Quaternary Periods. According to the author’s opinion the main period of the present-day relief formation has been the Pliocene erosion megaphase.

Formation and space distribution of crossing saddles as well as their morphological features depend on composition and strength of rocks. The most part of crossing saddles of the West Caucasus is located at the intersections of longitudinal and transverse tectonic faults. In this region there are three genetic types of the crossing saddles: primary tectonic, river destructive, and glacial ones. The genetic variety of saddles depends on characteristic features of geological structure and the intensity of geomorphological processes. The origin of mountain passes is conditioned by tectonic and erosion processes as well.

Kaali meteorite craters are located on the Island of Saaremaa, 18 km northeast of its chief town Kuressaare, being the first established meteorite craters in Europe. Nine meteorite craters formed about 7500 years BP as a result of single iron meteorite falling apart, which was a typical coarse octahedrite with Fe/Ni ratio being equal to 91.5/8.3. Craters are spread within a wildlife reserve of the total area about 50 ha. Craters were formed in a two-layered target rock: till and dolomite. The diameter of the main crater is 105–110 m.