The process of aeolian sand carrying out from the sea beach and formation of the aeolian features in the coastal zone of Curonian Spit is considered. The dependence is revealed between the quantity of materials transported by wind upon the composition of substratum and angle of wind approach to shoreline. Several coastal sites are distinguished there with different direction and force of the wind-sandy flow.

The distribution of the shore wave energy flow components controls shore morpho- and lithodynamics as well as pollutant migration. Such processes were analyzed in the Temruke Bay in connection with the port “Temruke” reconstruction. Technogenic catastrophes and irresponsible dealing with waste rise hazard of pollution not only in the southern part of the Azov Sea but also in the part of the Black Sea contiguous to the Kerch Strait. Risk of pollution increasesduring storms.

According to the results of long-term field observations and remote sensing studies, the coasts of Nagaev Bay have been forming due to both tectonic movements and rare earthquakes, which drastically accelerate slow relief-forming processes, and also to abrasion-favored slope processes. During the past decade, the eastern cliff of the bay has been subjected to intense abrasion and slope denudation processes. Unlike the southern and northern coasts, which are rocky, it consists of poorly lithified siltstone and argillite rocks and recedes onshore about 1 m/year. As a result, the territory of Magadan lessens by about 2000 m² every year. Relatively large rock falls and rockslides are of about 14 000 m³ and become more significant and frequent in autumn (to the less extent in spring) due to freezing/thawing processes in surface soils. The question of what can be the cause for intense cliff destruction, whether it can be the sea level rise and/or subsidence of the rift-shaped bottom of Ghertner-Nagaev Depression, needs further investigation.

Continental ice had blocked the sea advance onto land till the end of the Allerod. Transgression began to the Murmansk coast in the Bolling after deglaciation of south-east part of the Barents Sea shelf. The farthest spread of the sea onto Murmansk coast and in the White Sea Basin took place in the end of the Allerod after deglaciation of the coasts and the White Sea depression. Then, regression took place on the most part of the coasts. The following transgression flooded the previously glaciated area and its vicinity in the Younger Dryas. The subsequent regression began at the end of the Younger Dryas. The third transgression (Tapes) took place in the Holocene.

The morpho-sedimentary structure of the Late Holocene coastal marine terraces on the north-eastern coast of the Black Sea display the traces of rhythmic pattern which are reflected in the intercalated peat among the liman silty clay and in several generations of beach ridges. These sea level indicators mark both the transgressive and regressive phases of general transgression during the last 5000 y. The irregularity in transgressions and coastal development are regarded as the result of short-term climate fluctuation that determined not only the rate of sea level rise but the change of sediment supply and storm frequency, which governed the drastic variation of sediment budget in coastal zone. The rhythmical pattern in coastal evolution on the Black Sea littoral correlated with millennium scale climate change in Northern Hemisphere that have been reflected in various types of relief changes in the Mediterranean and North-Atlantic coasts of Europe.

Comparison of the field data and published materials has shown that the Anapa bay-bar structure has not changed essentially, three zones are still traced: the beach, the zone of dunes and the zone of hilly sands. As a result of water line recession (at a rate up to 1.2 m per year) the reduction of total width of the beach and dune belt occurred. This reduction happened basically due to the destruction of dune belt, the width of the beach has remained practically constant. Considering the reduction of total amount of the sediments composing the beach and the dunes zone, Anapa bay-bar on the whole may be considered to be a degrading accumulative landform at present.

Geomorphological mapping and radiocarbon dating of loose sediments evidence that the Holocene history of the coastal zone relief in the Arctic markedly differs even in neighboring areas. It is caused by block tectonic movements and relief of the adjacent shelf. The absence of accumulative surfaces over 4-5 m in height composed of marine Holocene sediments suggests that sea level during the Holocene was not raised higher. On many low-lying areas of the coast accumulation is replaced currently by erosion. The dynamics of the Arctic islands coasts is governed mainly by the weather of a definite year.

Two applied works by Rudolf Brueckman and Hans Mortensen were published in 1910–1920 being very important till nowadays. They examined morphodynamics of the coasts on Zemland peninsula. R. Brueckman’s works labored coastal morphology and dynamics at Palmnicken–Kraxtepellen (Yantarny), at Gross-Dirschkaim (Donskoe) and farther up to Cape Bruesterort (Taran). R.Brueckman analyzed development of the deposits of amber, morphologic features of the coasts and a submarine coastal slope, brought data on dynamics of the coastal zone, obtained during the mapping of the upper edge of the cliff in 1840–1912 and sounding the area in 1875, 1913. He made an attempt to assess impact of pulp dumping into the coastal zone of the west shoreline. H. Mortensen described in a large scale lithology and the steepness of coastal slopes of the cliffs, main mesoforms of slopes, woodiness of the cliff, as well as the morphology of the beach. H. Mortensen paid much attention to development of the slopes and dynamics of the coastal zone. These works are still relevant for monitoring the coastal zone of Zemland Peninsula.

Abrasion in the eastern Gulf of Finland coastal zone is favored by geological and geomorphologic factors, e.g. weakness of Quaternary deposits, sediment deficit, bottom and coastal relief. Extreme abrasion events occur as a result of coincidence of long-lasting western or south-western storms, high water level, and absence of stable sea ice during such events. In the last decade extreme erosion events took place during autumn-winter seasons of 2006-07 and 2011-12.

In the sea coasts study we often find phenomena which go beyond the usual understanding of the modern coast dynamics. These phenomena can be predicted only with the help of the environment changes knowledge. The coastal zone includes and is connected dynamically with many subsystems which differ in their physical characteristics and properties. Many of them are relatively independent, but in case of changes in their parameters, they can significantly influence the general direction of coastal processes. It means that the prediction of modern dynamics and development of the sea coast is, in some sense, the prediction of these subsystems changes. 

The sedimentary models of principal morphogenetic types of the mouth systems – bay-head, lagoon-head and protruding deltas were developed on the basis of river deltas’ geological features analysis. Each model possesses an original logic of lithodynamic processes: 1) the lagoon-deltaic systems are natural traps for river load; 2) the estuarine-deltaic systems are characterized by poor accumulation of river load and absence of the subaerial deltas; river load is carried out from estuaries and accumulated on open offshore as huge submarine cones (mouth bars); 3) the liman-deltaic systems are characterized by accumulation of about 50% of river load in subaerial deltas; the transit part of river load is carried out by channel flows beyond avandelta; 4) the deltaic systems on open coastland accumulate about 85% of river load; their transit part contributes to the formation of barrier bars.

Mechanisms forming a coastal profile both on wave shoals and in the surf zones are analyzed. It is shown that the whole active profile can be approximated by two concave curves crossing at wave-breaking zone. The model is developed to predict the profile deformations due to seasonal variations or cycles associated with the storm events. It is assumed that in case of balanced sediment budget the cross-section area of the active profile remains constant. Using this condition and the profile equations obtained one can predict the changes in a profile length and determine a coastline displacement. Model verification has been fulfilled on the basis of published field data.