Five planation surfaces are shown to occur on all continents. The surfaces are of Middle Triassic, Early Cretaceous, Paleogene, Miocene and Pliocene age. Their formation took place in the semiarid climate, later the crusts of weathering were superimposed: lateritic crust on the Triassic and Cretaceous surfaces, silicious - on the Paleogene, red eluvial-deluvial clays - on the Miocene and Pliocene surfaces. The relief type of planation surfaces depends on the rock type.

Morphologic features of orogens may serve as indicators of their geodynamic conditions. Linear systems of asymmetric ridges and basins are characteristics of compression orogens. There are piedmonts, inner ridges, incised river valleys in the basins. Tension orogens consist of asymmetric ridges with steep slopes and flat-bedded, often lacustrine, wide or gap-shaped basins without piedmonts. Changes of geodynamic conditions cause the rise of corresponding morphologic peculiarities. Common for all geodynamic conditions are manifestation of the cross structural plane in relief and stadiality of orogens formation.

The waters of local surface runoff played insignificant role in the caves formation in West Ukraine. This fact contradicts with "influent" conception, advocated by L. Jakucs and G. Mezosi. The author uphelds the "artesian" model of-A.B. Klimchouk, i.e. conception of caves formation due to underground water upwelling. At the same time he proves that some caves came to existence on the account of surface river water uptake.

Khvalyn brown clays and alluvium of Vened and Krivitch suites are the most reliable reference mark for correlation of pleistocene deposits in the Lower and Middle Volga basin. Accumulation of fine sediments in the limens and estuaries takes place during vast palaeocaspian transgressions in the Middle Volga basin. The main part of the Middle Volga alluvium, which consists of channel faces, may be traced downstream as buried river deposits of Vened, Krivitch, Chernoyar, Atel suites and low terraces of recent Volga valley.

The equilibrium profile conception is speculative and characterizes reality rather approximately. While it is intended to describe the bed of the flow, the surface of the flood plane - accumulative body - is taken as initial data for its plotting. The flood plane is forming due to erosion-accumulation counteraction which governs the reciprocating development of relief.

The dynamic equilibrium conception is the result of ambiguous procedure and may be used only in the abstract speculations. Such conditions are not only unlikely but also unidentifiable in nature.

The criteria of technological impact resistance are worked out for urban territory. Complex evaluation of Moscow territory and its regionalization by the degree of ecological-geomorphologic hazard are fulfilled.

Deluvial-proluvial brown clays with pebble and break-stone inclusions are widespread on the low plateau of Privolzhskaya highland. These clays date from Eopleistocene and Early Neopleistocene according to paleomagnetic data. They were formed in semiarid climate concurrently with pedimentation of the upper plateau.

In the Kola region four belts of marginal formations of the Scandinavian ice sheet were formed during the Late Weichselian glaciation. These belts correspond to four interstadial cycles of the Late Pleistocene. They moved gradually towards the main ice divide situated near the Scandinavian mountains. However ice spreads a considerably larger area during each phase of stadial cooling than during previous phases of interstadial warming. The ice sheet reached its maximum in the Kola regions later than on the western or southern flanks of the Late Weichselian glaciation.

Gravitational dislocations of different scale formed in different climatic epochs occur in the Great Caucasus. Intensification of gravity induced processes took place during periods of high precipitation. It is reliable that in the future earthquakes will more frequently cause large landslides and rock falls due to growth of precipitation and temperature recently observed in this region. Holocene and recent processes of this type are often situated close to morphostructural junctions, as may be seen from comparison with special morphostructural scheme of the Great Caucasus. The most part of gravitational displacements occurs in the high seismic junctions. Some of displacements have appeared without seismic events in the aseismatic junctions.

On the Caspian seashore there are no evidences of the cliff abrasion and scouring of the accumulative (in classical sense) forms despite the recent sea level rise. The cause of such anomalous development is discussed and prognostic estimations of future destructive coastal processes are given.

The regularities’ of changes of the free bend morphometric characteristics (parameters) and their connection with river water discharges are under consideration. It is established for medium and large rivers that the coefficient in the regression equation "parameter - mean maximal water discharge" depends on the seasonal runoff irregularities. At the same time the relationship "parameter - mean annual water discharge" is stable for all rivers. For small rivers relationship between parameters and water discharges are exponential, close to quadratic, for medium and large rivers - linear, the value of parameter does not depend on water discharge for largest rivers.

Correlation of glacial and volcanic relief and occurrence of volcanic minerals were analyzed. The age of Quaternary volcanoes was determined on the basis of this analysis and radiocarbon dating.

The distribution of different type channels and conditions of their formation along the valleys of the Hwang Ho and the Yangtze rivers are presented. Some channel types are distinguished for the first time. Different channel types appear to be related to sediment runoff and to the rate of directional accumulation.

Учебник-монография по геоморфологии морских берегов: Г.А. Сафьянов. Геоморфология морских берегов. М.: Изд-во МГУ, 1996. 400 с.

Первое украинское учебное пособие по русловым процессам: Ободовський О.Г. Руслові процесс. Навчальний пособник. Киів: Київський універстет, 1998. 102 с. Тираж 1000 экз

21-24 сентября 1999 г. в Ярославле состоялась ІV Международная конференция "Инженерная география. Экология урбанизированных территорий". Конференцию готовили и проводили Русское Географическое общество, Институт Географии РАН, Ярославский государственный педагогический университет им. КД. Тушинского.