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Геоморфология и палеогеография

Расширенный поиск
№ 1 (1994)
3-17 75
Аннотация

Spatial and temporal characteristics of surficial runoff and resulting erosion-sedimentation pattern have been analyzed within watersheds of different order. The runoff varies in structure and intensity depending on microzonality and on the array of elementary morphological units on the slope. Some hydrological characteristics of spring runoff have been measured together with sediment yield from watersheds of different order in the Seim drainage basin (the Kursk region) . The data obtained permit to trace variations in the runoff and erosion sedimentation processes from water divide over slopes to the river channel.

17-31 91
Аннотация

Basins of the Ligurian, Adriatic, Black, Caspian and South China seas have been subdivided into regions according to their recent engogenic regimes, stages of evolution and phases of activity; the subdivision was based on the earthcrust typizationby four characteristics (heat flow density, the crust thickness, present-day elevations and depth of consolidated basement). Spatial interrelations between taphrogenic and platformian regimes are elucidated, as well as various stages of the taphrogenic regime. The authors conclude that the sea basins under consideration form an evolutionary genetic sequence of structures resulted from large tectonic collapse of continental crust, at present the endogenic activities decrease.

31-40 75
Аннотация

The paper summarizes modern ideas on various manifestations of lateral deformations of channels. Geological and geomorphological conditions of the deformations' development are appraised and the channel-forming activities of rivers are interpreted in terms of the channel configuration, landforms and morphological type of floodplain.

40-53 87
Аннотация

Assemblages of drumlins, drumlinoids, crag-and-tail features, giant glacial grooves and megaflutes, collectively termed «drumlin fields», are described \from SW coasts of the Kara Sea, i. e. from southernmost Novaya Zemlya, Vaygach Island, Yugorsky Peninsula and Pai-Khoi Ridge. All the landforms were built during one of the latest stages in glaciation of the Eurasian Arctic, which was radiocarbon-dated at about 8.5 key BP. At that late stage, the ice kept spreading out of the Kara Sea center, which is strongly suggested by NE to SW direction of the linear forms. This is consistent with the model of a continuous marine Eurasian ice sheet and contradicts the concepts of «restricted» and «diachronous» glaciation. It doesn't fit the concept of an early, pre-Younger Dryas, deglaciation of the Barents - Kara Seacontinental margin, either. The Kalaice-spreading center proves to have been the most stable and long-lived feature of the Northern Hemisphere's glaciation.

Методика научных исследований

54-60 75
Аннотация

Three independent methods have been used for quantitative estimation of slope processes activity in the Southern Sikhote-Alin. The dendrochronological methods using uncovered roots and dendroscreen were modified for special freezing conditions withrespect to climate of East Russia. The so called «maximum-average» denudation rate is 0.20 to 0.25 mm/year for 25-37o creep slopes and 0.7 mm/year for talus slopes. The minimum denudation rate for creep slopes appeared to be 0.33 mm/year. According to colluvium volume evaluation on a dated terrace surface, average denudation rates on 32-39o creep slopes during the last 5000 years are about 0.04 to 0.07 mm per year.

61-70 91
Аннотация

Morphostmctural analysis of the orogenic Baisun basin has been carried out using two levels of topographic generalization (by averaging over radii 3 and 6 km long) and differences between the two levels (6 minus 3 km). The resulting maps, supplemented with geological-geophysical materials and drilling data, elucidated pattern of local topographic anomalies (models) or morphostructures which are genetically related to under-salt structures, and to structures above and below overthrusts. About 10 morphostructures have been identified by corresponding gravity anomalies.

Научные сообщения

71-80 93
Аннотация

Principal evidences for non-linear character of relief-forming processes are considered as follows: relief formation factors being out of proportion to their geomorphic manifestation; pulsating, non-stationary character of the processes, with dramatic changes in their rate; stochasticity and unpredictability of the evolutionary trends, sharp changes in slope and topographic asymmetry, gravitational instability, avalanche effects, turbulence and wave chaos. Most common cause for non-linearity is transition from orderly pattern to chaos resulting from spontaneous evolution or due to external impact both for relief-forming processes and geomorphic structures.

81-87 127
Аннотация

Structure and distribution of saprolithic crusts are considered. The saproliths are common on different levels of interfluves and in river valleys, and the distribution does not show any relation to erosional placation surfaces. In many sites the saproliths outcrops are 3 to 8 m thick and more. Results of lithological-mineralogical analysis are given together with fulldescription of two sections of saproliths at the Vitosha and Plana mountains. The saproliths are tentatively dated to the Miocene-Quaternary. They were presumably formed under changing environmental and topographic conditions.

87-93 80
Аннотация

The evolution of incised channels with coarse (gravel, pebble and boulders) alluvium proceeds under control of lithology and geological structure. Different types of incised channels are described with special reference to the lower reaches of the Vitim River.

93-96 83
Аннотация

Principal regularities in the topographic evolution during the Late Cenozoic are outlined as follows: uniform composition of lacustrine and fluvial sediments; discrepancies in .chronological boundaries of the Pleistocene; certain interrelations between correlated geological bodies; specific features of the Middle Pleistocene sedimentation. The latter consist in the Middle Pleistocene sediments being fine-grained and widely distributed over the region, which suggests lake and fluvial systems, existed throughout the Middle Pleistocene and early in the Late Pleistocene.

96-99 94
Аннотация

Calculations based on data of archaeological studies of the Voyatitsa site on the Sheksna River indicate gradual' decrease in alluviation rate with the age of the floodplain: from 0.7 m per 1000 yrs in the 3rd millennium BC to 0.4 m per 1000 yrs after the middle millennium BC. A relative increase in the floodplain surface height, above the water edge results from both sedimentation on the surface and downcutting of the river.

100-107 141
Аннотация

Special features of channel silting are discussed with reference to small and medium-size rivers of European Russia and adjacent areas. Different forms of small river silting are distinguished, typical of various natural and anthropogenic environments, from complete lack of silting through silting restricted to the heads of streams to silting throughout the whole channel! The territory is divided according to prevailing type of the small river silting, 6 types of regions being distinguished.

Рецензии

108-111 72
Аннотация

Геоморфология шельфа на современном этапе: монографии Дионина А.С. «Рельеф шелка Мирового океана» (М.: Наука, 1992. 255 с.) и Павлидиса Ю.А. «Шельф Мирового океана в позднечетвертичное время» (М.: Наука, 1992. 272 с.)

Потери науки

111 60
Аннотация

5 сентября 1993 г. скончался Сергей Сергеевич Воскресенский - профессор кафедры геоморфологии и палеогеографии географического факультета МГУ, доктор географических наук, Заслуженный деятель науки, Почетный разведчик недр.



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ISSN 2949-1789 (Print)
ISSN 2949-1797 (Online)