A general feature of the river valleys structure in the USSR within not only plains but mountainous areas as well is deep buried cuttings filled with deposits older than alluvium of morphologically expressed terraces-this feature reflects the rhythm of oscillating tectonic movements in the Quaternary which was similar to that of the Pliocene.

As to the shorter phases of uplifts and cuttings of the valleys-they were relatively synchronous all over the vast territory of Eurasia. It enables us to use them to establish a single geomorphological periodization of the last macrocycle of a geomorphological stage in the Earth's development.

Ancient valleys of the Ukrainian shield present linear erosional depressions formed in the Precambrian basement and on the shield slopes-in the Prejurassic strata. The valleys are 200-250 m long, 3-5 km wide (sometimes to 10 km) and 100-120 m deep. The valleys are filled with alluvial-usually coal-bearing- deposits of Bajocian-Bathian, Aptian-Albian, of the Middle Eocene and Early Miocene alternated with thin marine deposits of different age. The valleys are adjacent distinctly to fracture zones, primarily of meridional or latitudinal direction. Most valleys appeared and formed in the Middle Jurassic, some of them inherited the position of Prejurassic valleys. Some valleys of the Early Devonian are also indicated. A great role of ancient valleys is marked for the transportation of material from the Ukrainian shield on its slopes and to the neighbouring region where sedimentational series formed with certain metallogenic features.

Material obtained from radiolocation survey is an additional source of information used to work out geological and geomorphological problems. It may serve as the basis for geomorphological mapping, structural-geomorphological analysis and mapping of loose .deposits. The quantity of information obtained from radiolocation survey depends essentially on the observance of a number of conditions. While interpreting relief most important are technical conditions (height of the flight, direction of the flight and scale), while mapping loose deposits a right choice of a season is essential.

Results of mineralogical studies of river and lacustrine deposits of the Vaga river basin (tributary of Severnaya Dvina) are given to reveal criteria for their identification and correlation. Most reliable indices of mineralogical composition of terrace deposits are distinguished: percentage dependence of garnets on heavy fraction yield (grain size 0,25-0,1 mm), composition of a number of secondary, accessory and unstable minerals.

The present-day morphostructural plan of Alpine-.Himalayan zone at the juncture of Arabian and Hindustan platform with Eurasian continent formed in Late Cenosoic. Similarity of the main features of morphostructural plan of this region is revealed in the Arabian and Hindustan segments: similarity in the pattern of linear and isometric uplifted and lowered morphostructures. It may be suggested that dynamics conditions at the areas of juncture were generally the same in both areas of juncture. The cause of such similarity is probably associated with the same type of Arabian and Hindustan platforms movements during the final stages of the Cenosoic. Difference in the rates of movement predetermined a peculiar «smallness» of morphostructures of the Arabian segment if compared with the Hindustan one. A certain similarity is revealed of morphostructural plan of a suture zone of intercontinental and continental-ocean types not only in the regions of morphostructural nodes, but also in adjacent regions.

The influence of disjunctive tectonics is shown on the distribution of channel alluvium along the river profile as well as formation of shoals and bars (the case of the Podkamennaya Tunguska river basin), a possibility is proved of obtaining additional information on neotectonical structure of some region basing on the analysis of channel morphology and the character of channel alluvium.

New data are presented on the geomorphology of the intermediate step between the eastern scarp of the Ustyurt Plateau and the western coast of the Aral Sea. The step relief formation is supposed to be result of limestone blocks detachment and extrusion of clay ridges between them. The process is a kind of diapirism. The connection of the described mechanism with tectonics and Holocene history of the Aral is pointed out.

Typological subdivision of pseudo-periglacial formations

A new geomorphic map of Indian and Pacific sectors of the Antarctic is compiled, scale 1:5000000. The legend is based on the genesis and describes geotectures, morphostructures, morphosculptures and planation surfaces, dissection and individual sea floor forms. According to the data on sediment yield and sedimentation rate, some sea floor parts are indicated having completely planated bottom and tectonic forms mantled by sediments.

Special features of the morphostructures distribution are revealed within Indian and Pacific sectors of the Antarctic.

Downcutting of the rivers which break through celesta ranges provides favourable conditions for landslides (i.e. a certain ratio of the valley depth to clay and solid rock thickness) first in the upper part and later in the lower .part of the water gap. The conclusion has been confirmed by morphology and structure of landslips, and their correlation with river terraces and erosion surfaces. Because of the long existing unidirectional lateral shift of the river, landslips at left and right river slopes may be of different age.

The paper describes a large expiration trough at the Kelly island. Conclusions on the trough origin are based on the microrelief analysis, some microrelief elements are considered to be probable model of gigantic expiration troughs and drumlinoids origin.

On the basis of space photographs, data from geologic-geomorphologic studies conducted by the French and Portuguese scientists, basing on geomorphological analysis of cartographic materials, it is established that along the south-west coast of Africa-from the Orange River to the Lopez cape there is a strong longshore shift of detrital deposits. It is presented by four large drift currents traced from south to north. The main factor of the shift are waves of ocean swell coming from south-west and spreading obliquely towards the shore-line. The main features of morphology and present-day dynamics of this part of Atlantic Ocean seaside are determined by the process of northward longshore shift of debris.

Sometimes inside the caves of corridor type geomorphological levels are distinguished consisting of different morphological elements. Each level presents a certain stage in the erosional development of the cave. Thus, geomorphological levels in the caves (like terraces in river valleys) enable us to reconstruct the stages of the karst system development.

Turbidity currents transporting elastic material in submarine canyons create submarine fans - huge accumulative relief forms within continental rise.

The Inguri system of submarine canyons and valleys situated in south-eastern part of the Black Sea, forms a large fan with a complicated form. On the surface of the fan a complex is developed of smaller forms-valleys, turbidity current channels, closed depressions, levies. A conclusion is made on a significance of turbidity currents in sedimentation processes at continental rise in the investigated region of the Black Sea.

An interesting case of morphostructural analysis application in oil and gas searches

A new stage of geomorphological studies of Siberia and Far East

A meeting on mud-flows connected with landslides